At present, in the marine field, there are not many researches at home and abroad that specialize in the sharing and integration of marine information. The sharing and integration of marine information are mainly reflected in marine GIS research and marine data** * Enjoy these two aspects of platform research and development (Li Haitao, 2007). This book mainly tracks some current progress in terms of marine information sharing platforms. In other aspects, Lu Mingsheng (2005) systematically reviewed and summarized my country's marine informatization work.

In terms of ocean data sharing construction, there has been great development abroad, and many data sharing platforms have been produced and have been well applied, such as: The National Oceanic Data Center (NODC) of the United States ), Japan's National Ocean Data Center (JODC), the UK's National Ocean Data Center (BODC), etc. The International Ocean Data Exchange Committee, formally established in 1960, promoted the development of international ocean data exchange and carried out the standardization of coded data formats, playing an important role in the sharing of data from national ocean centers in various countries (Tian Youqiang, 2005 ). The Worldwide Data Center (WDC) network lists the Ocean Information Network as an important component, providing a large amount of ocean and coastal data (Wang Yingmei et al., 1999). The WDC-A Oceanographic Center in the United States has established a national-level ocean data database group and world ocean data databases WOD94, WOD98, WOD01, and WOD05. It relies on Internet technology to integrate multiple distributed ocean data databases, including metadata information query , the most exclusive service for data query and data product query (Li Haitao, 2007). The site (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/) managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides a large amount of data on ocean research in the United States and around the world, and completes domestic observations. The merging and splicing of data between regions and other regions around the world, which are updated in real time. The main purpose of the MMI (Marine Metadata Interoperation) research project in the United States is to achieve data sharing in the marine field. It provides an open resource sharing platform. Any organization and individual can register marine-related information resources to MMI. , and MMI will use its own platform to widely publicize the resources registered by users so that other organizations can discover and utilize these resources. At the same time, MMI is also a marine information collaboration platform. Registered users can apply to MMI, and MMI will create a user group or resource sharing space for them. Users can communicate with other users through this sharing space. . The website of NASA's JPL Laboratory Physical Oceanographic Data Current Archive Distribution Center (PO.DAAC/JPL) is another major source of satellite remote sensing information and data. Its website address is: http://podaac .jpl.nasa.gov/. The website address of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The center has set up a web page for water color remote sensing information and data. NASA's Aeronautical Observatory Oceanography Laboratory (AOL), the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite System (DMSP), and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) also provide ocean remote sensing information services. Some universities and organizations have also established websites that provide remote sensing information, data, research results and links to other websites. For example, for oceanographic research on TOPEX/Poseidon, see http://www.csr.utexas.edu/eqpac/ and http://www.csr.utexas.edu/sst/gsda-ta.html About SeaWiFS Oceanographic research, see http://www.ae.utexas.edu/courses/ase389/midterm/courtney/seawifs.html/ (Ocean remote sensing information and data related website, 2005). The site under the responsibility of the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring has water depth and sea surface data measured by 64 countries from 1890 to 1994, including measurement data from 1,090,000 oceanographic stations (Wang Yingmei et al., 1999). The UK has established a very complete water and ocean database, which has extremely high spatiotemporal coverage and data quality accuracy, and has been used in the construction of ocean information systems involving ocean transportation and communications, ocean resources, ocean energy and minerals (Zhao Qingwei, 2009 ). Countries such as Germany, Sweden, Japan, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaysia have also established their own thematic databases and *sharing platform systems (Zhao Qingwei, 2009).

In terms of marine spatial data infrastructure construction, spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is developing rapidly in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Japan, and some developing countries such as Malaysia and Iran are also actively promoting it. Over the past five years SDI's areas of activity have expanded to a regional and global scope. "Marine spatial data infrastructure" is an important part of SDI. The current national, regional and even global SDI construction attaches great importance to marine spatial information issues (Xia Dengwen, 2006). In 1998, many of the 16 framework demonstration projects carried out in the United States in SDI involved marine hydrological databases, marine management, marine multi-source data fusion, etc. (Xia Dengwen, 2006).

my country's National Ocean Information Center has established the China Ocean Information Basic Network based on ocean data accumulated over the years to manage and distribute a large amount of ocean data. It has domestic and foreign ocean survey data and domestic ocean station data, Wave data, marine chemistry data, marine geology, sea ice, marine biological data, marine pollution survey data, etc. (Wang Hongmei et al., 1999). WDC-D Oceanographic Center is the third world data center and oceanographic center after WDC-A in the United States and WDC-B Oceanographic Center in Russia. It has long-term and stable domestic oceanographic basic data sources (Wang Hongmei et al., 1999). Since 2001, the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the International Ocean Information Sharing Committee of the Marine Branch of the China Old Professors Association, and the International Ocean Information Research Center of the Tianjin Science and Technology Association have jointly developed the "International Ocean Information Management System for China's Offshore and Adjacent Ocean Areas" . The establishment and gradual promotion and application of this system will play a positive role in promoting the development of marine information processing and error analysis and diagnostic technology, the establishment of China's offshore data processing standards, and the development of marine scientific research. In 2005, the first phase of the "Qingdao Marine Science Data Sharing Platform Construction", a major national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" basic conditions platform construction project, was completed, initially realizing data management, directory services, data services, functional services, etc. The shared service function can basically meet the needs of marine scientific data shared services (Li Haitao, 2007). On the morning of June 12, 2009, the second China “Digital Ocean” Forum organized by the State Oceanic Administration opened in Tianjin. During this period, Chen Lianzeng, deputy director of the State Oceanic Administration, launched the “iOcean China Digital Ocean Public Edition” information service system. It marks that my country's first social public service system with marine as its main content developed using integrated innovative technology has been officially put into use. As a window for promoting ocean culture, a platform for disseminating ocean knowledge, and a portal for providing information services, iOcean is an important symbol of my country's "digital ocean" moving from initial construction to application services. "Ocean China Digital Ocean Public Edition" adopts the current internationally advanced three-dimensional earth sphere expression technology, and realizes the seabed, water body, sea surface, and island through subsystems such as ocean survey and observation, digital seabed, ocean forecast, and maritime military. The intuitive expression of various marine natural elements and marine phenomena presents a vibrant virtual ocean world to the public. At the same time, "iOcean China Digital Ocean Public Edition" is the first application result to serve the public since my country officially implemented the 908 Special Project 03 Project in 2006 - "Construction of China Offshore 'Digital Ocean' Information Infrastructure Framework". It is of great significance for popularizing ocean knowledge, promoting ocean culture, and improving public ocean awareness.

Also. In terms of academics, "Research on Coastal Zone and Offshore Scientific Data Integration and Sharing" was published in 2005 as the first domestic monograph on marine data integration (Du Yunyan et al., 2005). This book aims to focus on the integration and sharing of multi-source data in coastal zones and offshore waters, and explores data from the design and construction of underlying data entities, the research and development of data technology systems, and the integration and release of multi-source and multi-format data. Difficulties in integration and new ideas and key technologies to be solved. In recent years, a large number of research papers on ocean data (information) sharing and integration have emerged (Shi Suixiang et al., 2001; Li Anhu, 2004; Li Yan, 2004; Li Hongxi et al., 2004; Li Hongxi et al., 2004; Lin Ning et al., 2004; Chen Jixiang, 2004; Guo Zhongwen et al., 2005; Li Haitao, 2007; Yang Peng, 2007; He Yawen, 2008; Li Jie, 2008; Feng Wenjuan, 2008; Liu Wenliang, 2008; Yang Feng, 2008; Wang Xianling, 2009), for Marine Information Services The research on shared integration has done a good job in cutting-edge exploration and paving the way.