ECTU e-commerce program probably has the following major courses: advanced mathematics, college English, economics, statistics, modern business management, marketing, basic computer applications, computer language, computer network foundation, introduction to e-commerce, international trade theory and practice, Internet software application and development, Internet database and practice, E-commerce case study and practice, online payment and settlement, e-commerce security.
These courses are at a glance, a look at which knowledge, heh.
Second e-commerce e-commerce is to learn what
It is the general website construction network marketing network payment logistics information systems and other courses
Third Please ask e-commerce specialties e-commerce what courses
Specialty code: A020215 ;Professional name: e-commerce (specialties) *
Serial number type serial number course code standard No. Course Name Credits Type Exam Mode Direction or Remarks
1 001 03706 Foundation of Thought, Moral Cultivation and Law 2 Compulsory Written Exam
2 002 03707 *** Thought, *** Theory, and Introduction to the Important Ideas of " *** " 4 Compulsory Written Exam
3 003 00888 English for E-Commerce 3 Compulsory Written Test
4 004 00889 Economics (II) 5 Compulsory Written Test
5 005 00041 3069 Basic Accounting 5 Compulsory Written Test
6 006 00890 Marketing (III) 5 Compulsory Written Test
7 007 00891 International Trade Practices (III) 6 Compulsory Written test
8 008 00892 Business Communication (II) 4 Compulsory Written test
9 009 00893 4265 Market Informatics 5 Compulsory Written test
10 010 00894 Fundamentals of Computer and Networking Technology 3 Compulsory Written test
11 010 00895 Fundamentals of Computer and Networking Technology 3 Compulsory Practical test
12 011 00895 Fundamentals of Computer and Networking Technology 3 Compulsory Practical test
12 011 00896 Introduction to E-Commerce 4 Compulsory Written Test
13 011 00897 Introduction to E-Commerce 2 Compulsory Practical Examination
14 012 00898 Internet Software Application and Development 3 Compulsory Written Test
15 012 00899 Internet Software Application and Development 3 Compulsory Practical Examination
16 013 00900 Web Page Design and Production 2 Compulsory Written Test
17 013 00901 Web Page Design and Production 3 Compulsory Practical Test
18 014 00902 E-Commerce Case Study 2 Compulsory Written Test
19 014 00903 E-Commerce Case Study 3 Compulsory Practical Test
20 015 00904 Comprehensive Assignment 2 Compulsory Practical Test
20 015 00904 Comprehensive Assignment 2 Compulsory Practical Examination
21 231 05679 Constitutional Law 4 Additional Written Examination
Specialty Code: B020216 ;Specialty Name: E-Commerce (Independent Undergraduate)*
Serial No. Type Serial No. Course Code Standard No. Course Name Credits Type Examination Mode Direction or Remark
1 001 03709 Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism Introduction to the Fundamental Principles of Marxism 4 Compulsory Written Exam
2 002 00994 Quantitative Methods (II) 6 Compulsory Written Exam
3 003 00995 Business Law (II) 5 Compulsory Written Exam
4 004* 00910 Network Economy and Business Management 6 Compulsory Written Exam
5 005 00996 Introduction to E-Commerce Law 6 Compulsory Written Exam
6 005 00996 Introduction to E-Commerce Law 6 Compulsory Written Exam <
6 006* 00911 Internet Databases 3 Compulsory Written Test
7 006* 00912 Internet Databases 3 Compulsory Practical Exam 36
8 007* 00906 Principles of E-Commerce Website Design 3 Compulsory Written Test
9 007* 00907 Principles of E-Commerce Web Design 3 Compulsory Practical Exam 36
10 008 00997 Introduction to E-Commerce Security 3 Compulsory Written Test
11 008 00998 Introduction to E-Commerce Security 2 Compulsory Practical Test 24
12 009* 00908 Internet Marketing and Planning 3 Compulsory Written Test
13 009* 00909 Internet Marketing and Planning 2 Compulsory Practical Test 24
14 010* 00930 Web Site Design Principles 3 Compulsory Written Test p> 14 010* 00913 E-Commerce and Finance 3 Compulsory Written Test
15 010* 00914 E-Commerce and Finance 3 Compulsory Practical Test 36
16 011* 00915 E-Commerce and Modern Logistics 3 Compulsory Written Test
17 011* 00916 E-Commerce and Modern Logistics 3 Compulsory Practical Test 36
19 101 00015 3022 English (II) 14 Optional Written Test
20 102 00186 International Business Negotiation 5 Optional Written Test
21 103 00098 3473 International Marketing 5 Optional Written Test
22 104 03339 Information Technology Theory 5 Optional Written Test
22 104 03339 Informationization Theory and Practice 4 Optional Written Test
23 105 00053 3262 Introduction to Foreign Economic Management 5 Optional Written Test
24 106 00067 3071 Financial Management 6 Optional Written Test
25 107 02335 4214 Network Operating Systems 5 Optional Written Test
26 108 04741 Principles of Computer Networks 4 Optional Written Test
26 108 04741 Principles of Computer Networks 4 Optional Written Test
27 201 00889 Economics (II) 5 Additional Written Test
28 202 00896 Introduction to E-Commerce 4 Additional Written Test
29 202 00897 Introduction to E-Commerce 2 Additional Practical Exam
30 203 00900 Web Page Design and Production 2 Additional Written Test
30 203 00900 Web Page Design and Production 2 Additional Written Test
30 203 00900 Web Page Design and Production 2 Additional Written Test
31 2 Additional Written Exam
31 203 00901 Web Design and Production 3 Additional Practical Exam
Four May I ask if there are any answers to the online exam for the e-commerce for the Business Administration Specialist of the ECTU in July 2018, I remember that the exams were of three different kinds
This year, you can apply for the first level of construction. (1) The number of years of work before and after graduation from the University of Electricity can be cumulative. (2) that is, years of service can be counted from 03 years of secondary school graduation.
Five e-commerce examination of China's e-commerce development problems
(1) lack of innovation in the business model
At present, China's e-commerce is in the traditional business model and the foreign business model of copying, imitation of the level of the country's national conditions, very few combined with China's innovative model. Theoretically, compared with traditional business, e-commerce has many advantages. However, due to various reasons, the explosive growth of the website and the website's "burning money" losses form a huge contrast. According to the analysis of the people concerned, e-commerce can theoretically save 76.59% of the transaction costs, but in fact in China only save 11.61% of the transaction costs. In recent years, e-commerce fever, China has appeared a lot of e-commerce sites, but most e-commerce sites to go to the "big hype, to attract the public, for advertising, listing money" such a road, due to the online trading volume is too small, its income is not enough to maintain the daily operation of the majority of the site has to rely on external funds continue to invest in the second half of 2000, in the U.S., the impact of the rapid decline in the NASDAQ index. Nasdaq index fell rapidly under the influence of many of China's Internet companies appeared in an existential crisis, layoffs, closures came one after another. In front of a profound lesson, the network company to reconsider their own positioning, return to the "profit-centered" track.
(2) The level of enterprise informatization is very low
Enterprise informatization and e-commerce is inextricably linked, enterprise informatization is to carry out e-commerce foundation. The backwardness of enterprise informatization seriously restricts the development of e-commerce in China. Enterprises as the main body of e-commerce, business processes and management processes of information technology is the necessary prerequisite for enterprises to carry out e-commerce. At present, China has been online less than 1% of the total number of enterprises, in about 15,000 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, about 10% of the enterprises basically realize the enterprise information technology, about 70% of the enterprises have a certain means of information or proceed to the realization of the enterprise information technology in the direction of efforts, about 20% of the enterprises have only a small number of computers. Currently in the State Administration of Industry and Commerce registered 10 million small and medium-sized enterprises, only about a few percent of enterprises have a certain degree of modern information means.
(3) The social credit system has not been formed
In a market economy, the role of good credit for an enterprise is unquestionable, which can bring the enterprise a stable supplier and customer base as well as a variety of additional revenue. However, in China, where the credit system has not yet been established and perfected, companies often profit more by not being creditworthy than by being creditworthy. In the process of economic transformation, China's socialized credit system is very unsound and the credit psychology is unhealthy. Trading behavior lacks the necessary self-regulation and severe social supervision. In online transactions, how to protect the business secrets of enterprises? How to determine the real identity and reliability of both parties to a transaction? How to ensure the undeniability and irrevocability after the transaction is concluded? How to ensure the safety of online payment? What should I do if there is a dispute in online transaction? How to obtain satisfactory after-sales service? And so on. These worrying problems have not been well resolved to a large extent, affecting China's business and consumer confidence and enthusiasm for e-commerce.
(4) lack of senior e-commerce talent
The development of e-commerce talent resources is still insufficient. E-commerce is an organic combination of information technology and traditional business, requiring a large number of both mastery of modern information technology and proficiency in modern business theory and practice of composite talents. A country, a region can train a large number of such composite talents to become the country, the region to develop e-commerce is the most critical factor. Although Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University and other colleges and universities began to specialize in training e-commerce professionals, but at present, with innovative thinking of e-commerce theory, planning and management of the talent shortage, the lack of talent is the development of e-commerce is another problem. E-commerce is an interdisciplinary field, involving computers, economics, management, law and other aspects. E-commerce talent is actually a composite talent, the current e-commerce training courses in the community, in the teaching process, "heavy electronic light business" or "heavy business light electronic". Even if both ends can be taken into account, but also more of a simple mechanical patchwork combination, not in accordance with the internal rules of the course itself and the actual demand for scientific and systematic design. With this level of e-commerce teaching, to train a group of both e-commerce technology, but also finance, trade, logistics and other knowledge of cross-field specialists, composite talents, there is a great deal of difficulty. In addition, the current domestic e-commerce education and training is still a lack of unified management and standardization.
(5) E-commerce policies and regulations are very unsound
At the macro level, the policies and regulations are not sound, the standards are not uniform and the blindness of business practices, etc. show that China's e-commerce development lacks unified guidelines, development planning and implementation strategy. E-commerce is a complex systematic project. It involves not only the two parties participating in the transaction, but also the business administration, customs, insurance, taxation, banking and other departments in different regions and countries. This requires a unified legal and policy framework as well as a strong cross-regional and cross-sectoral integrated coordinating body. The current management system is basically a product of the planned economy era, focusing on fragmentation, irrational setup, insufficient coordination, inefficiency and poor adaptability to the new economy. Although, in recent years, China has introduced some relevant policies and regulations, but on the whole, it is still very unsound, at present, the specialized legislation for e-commerce is still vacant, especially in the cross-country, cross-region, cross-departmental coordination of a number of problems, such as the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Information Industry, and so on *** departments have issued a report on the policy to promote the development of e-commerce, but due to the different emphasis and lack of coordination among them, it seems that the government is not the only one to promote e-commerce development. However, due to the different focus and lack of coordination among them, it seems that the government has many different departments, and it is difficult to implement.
(6) E-commerce support system is not perfect
First, the information infrastructure for e-commerce is not perfect. In recent years, China's information infrastructure construction has been progressing smoothly, with remarkable achievements, especially in the economically developed provinces and cities in the coastal areas. But from the overall level and the requirements of e-commerce, whether it is network technology, network management, tariff levels, network speed, network security and other aspects of the existence of large gaps in the overall planning of the existing network construction and unified guidance is not enough, there is a fragmented, duplicative construction of the drawbacks.
Second, adapted to the e-commerce logistics and distribution system is not perfect. The implementation of e-commerce is an important condition of the perfect and efficient logistics system, China in this area there is a lot of room for development. Even in the highly developed conditions of e-commerce, relying solely on the network can not complete the whole process of business activities. This is because a considerable part of the physical goods must be delivered to enterprises or consumers with the help of other means of transportation to meet the needs of enterprises and consumers. Developed countries have a high degree of socialization of the logistics and distribution system, engaged in e-commerce enterprises can be handed over to the distribution task specializing in express delivery business enterprises to complete, both safe and fast, the cost is also relatively inexpensive. In China, the current logistics and distribution system is not perfect, the express delivery business has not been fully developed. Many companies engaged in e-commerce have to run their own express delivery business, not only can not cover a wider area, and the cost is higher, the time spent on commodity distribution is longer, affecting the effectiveness of the enterprise and consumer online shopping desire.
Third, adapted to the e-commerce financial payment system is not perfect. The e-commerce payment and settlement needs the close cooperation of the electronic financial system. At present, China's financial services are extremely electronic level is relatively backward, cross-regional, cross-bank electronic payment system has not yet been established, online payment, settlement and other issues to a large extent hindered the development of China's e-commerce process. At present, the vast majority of e-commerce can only do "online browsing, offline transactions", can not be "online payment", which is very unfavorable to the development of e-commerce. To change the traditional payment methods, to realize the real online payment, not only is the key to the development of China's e-commerce, but also the urgent needs of enterprises.
Fourth, the information security system adapted to e-commerce is not perfect. Due to the intangible characteristics of electronic data, the operation of e-commerce involves a variety of security issues, such as financial security, information security, commercial secrets and so on. It requires e-commerce to be more secure and reliable than traditional paper-based trade. The current online security technology and its authentication mechanism are imperfect, which is an important reason why ordinary consumers have a wait-and-see attitude towards e-commerce. Although computer experts have put a lot of effort into the security of online banking and adopted various measures, however, the attacks of network hackers still cause experts a lot of heartache. The issue of security remains key in e-commerce activities. This issue is directly related to the interests of all parties involved in electronic transactions. Due to the existence of various risks, all parties are always skeptical about engaging in electronic transactions on the Internet. At the same time, the online exchange can bring great opportunities and rich profits are all the time not attracted to those who like to take risks of network invaders, buyers, sellers, banks must bear the risk from the outside.
From China's current e-commerce development reality, the network structure is complex, different industries, different networks can not be interconnected, a variety of resources are difficult to fully **** enjoy, network applications lag behind the rapid development of network technology, the traditional enterprises are difficult to adapt to the rapid development of information technology. Therefore, to take the road of e-commerce development with Chinese characteristics, under the guidance of the guideline of "application-led, market-oriented; network *** construction, resource *** enjoyment; technological innovation, competition and openness", we should formulate a framework for e-commerce development in line with China's national conditions, plan China's overall e-commerce strategy and implementation measures; establish technical standards and norms for information exchange in line with international norms; conduct independent research and development of e-commerce-related technologies and products; establish, develop, and implement e-commerce-related technologies and products. The establishment of e-commerce-related technologies and products; the establishment and improvement of relevant laws and regulations, for the leapfrog development of e-commerce in China to provide a good industrial environment, comprehensive, active and rapid advancement of e-commerce industrialization development in China.
(1) United *** and the power of enterprises
E-commerce is a grand systematic project, must be united *** and the power of enterprises, to promote the development of e-commerce as a whole. Give full play to the main body of enterprises, strengthen the *** macro-planning, guidance and market supervision, and actively create an external environment conducive to the development of e-commerce. To give full play to *** the role of macro-planning and guidance, strengthen *** the coordination between the relevant departments, to ensure the continuity and consistency of e-commerce related policies, regulations and standards, to create a good and relaxed business environment for e-commerce, while avoiding excessive administrative intervention to hinder the development of e-commerce. As enterprises are the main participant of e-commerce, they must adopt diversified, multi-level and multi-mode e-commerce development strategies according to the actual situation of their regions, industries and enterprises, to transform the traditional business processes, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and at the same time, to realize the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.
(2) overall planning, step-by-step implementation
At present, China is still in the early stages of e-commerce development, to promote e-commerce is difficult to promote many of the same is not realistic, so in the specific implementation should be carried out step by step. First of all, in some of the management and operation of the characteristics of e-commerce is more suitable for e-commerce to play to the strengths of the implementation of e-commerce in the field, such as banking, civil aviation, securities, foreign trade, retailing, software, books and so on. On the basis of the success and experience gained in these fields, we can then drive other fields. For those regions with a more developed economy, a relatively high degree of informatization, and a demand for e-commerce and its benefits, especially some coastal provinces and cities with the conditions, as well as a small number of provincial capitals and central cities in the mainland, they should lose no time in the development of e-commerce in various ways, and give full play to its demonstration effect, so as to promote its popularization to other regions. In the combination of e-commerce and traditional business to gradually expand the proportion of e-commerce, e-commerce can not solve the problem of traditional business to solve the first, so that e-commerce will be easier to start and develop.
(3) the establishment of e-commerce development support system
based on the national CA authentication center, as soon as possible to establish a safe, reliable, advanced computer credit network platform, and actively implement online enterprise credit inquiry, strengthen the online enterprise reputation; actively develop modern logistics system, encourage enterprises to raise funds through multiple channels, according to local conditions, to accelerate the construction of enterprise logistics network system, and introduce foreign advanced logistics technology and equipment. Introducing foreign advanced logistics technology and equipment, encouraging domestic enterprises to carry out various forms of joint ventures and cooperation with foreign and overseas logistics enterprises, and actively developing third-party logistics; vigorously developing various types of electronic payment and settlement tools, encouraging and guiding various types of banks, industrial and commercial enterprises, and consumers to use payment and settlement tools such as bank cards, e-accounts, and e-wallets, and vigorously promoting online banking.
(4) vigorously promote the process of enterprise informatization
The degree of enterprise informatization has a great impact on the development of e-commerce, *** to do a good job of organizing enterprise informatization, and formulate a good development plan. At present, the computer information network is developing rapidly, but the duplication of construction, resource waste is serious. Further exploration of the development of information technology is a serious problem. E-commerce is developing faster than we can imagine. This is the new economy, and the core of the new economy is e-commerce. To establish e-commerce we must first break the traditional model. Whoever seizes the moment is the real winner. Under the influence of the trend of economic globalization, with the continuous influx of foreign capital and advanced technology, Chinese enterprises to do a solid job, to find their own profit model, the traditional business model and now the network of the new economy combined to improve the level of enterprise e-commerce applications in the next year or two in the level of informatization of Chinese enterprises will certainly have a substantial increase and growth.
(5) Efforts to create an external environment conducive to the development of e-commerce
All relevant departments to work closely with the full cooperation, in-depth practical, research and study, to take practical and effective policies and measures to speed up the development of e-commerce in the local community, the system. At the same time as soon as possible to develop the development of e-commerce local laws and regulations or administrative regulations for the healthy development of e-commerce to provide legal protection. Should vigorously support the socialization, professional operation of e-commerce third-party service system. Developed third-party service system can not only provide stable and strong support for the practical application of e-commerce system for small and medium-sized enterprises, but also create new employment opportunities.
(6) Development of public e-commerce platform
At present, enterprises are facing difficulties in improving their competitiveness through informatization: there is a big gap between the actual situation of enterprises, and they do not have the same understanding of the transformation of informatization under the new economic environment, and their implementation capabilities are very different from each other. Some enterprises spend a lot of effort to carry out informationization transformation, but due to the constraints of the degree of informationization of related enterprises, the results are not obvious, and even cause other enterprises to the process of informationization of the concerns; some enterprises have the ability to build the industry's e-commerce platform, but the inability to promote the whole industry, not to mention the development of other industries; the existing e-commerce platform operators can not be tailored to the region's characteristics, to enhance the region's product promotion. Existing e-commerce platform operators cannot strengthen the promotion of products in the region according to the characteristics of the region. Enterprises with the most e-commerce needs in the region do not see the actual benefits and cannot effectively promote the e-commerce process of enterprises in the region. The establishment of the local *** to promote and support the region's public e-commerce platform is a timely and effective solution to the above problems of the direct program, but also the new economic era *** function more effective and active play.
Six in the University to read e-commerce majors how
e-commerce majors in general son, because the opening of the course is not very good.
E-commerce development prospects are good, because everyone is doing.
VII e-commerce major to test how many doors
As long as you are a specialist graduate, there is no need to go to the University of Electronic Commerce, to find a more professional training company for professional training can be, this kind of on the University of Electronic Commerce is useless, out of the hands-on training is still needed,
VIII e-commerce + + online payment system of the main body including what
E-commerce payment system security requirements include: confidentiality, authentication, data integrity, interoperability and so on. At present, domestic and foreign use to ensure the security of e-commerce payment system protocols include: SSL (Secure Socket Lay-er, Secure Socket Layer), SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) and other protocol standards.
2.1 SSL protocol
Secure Socket Layer method (Secure Socket Layer, SSL) protocol is commonly used on the network to ensure that the two sides of the communication data integrity, confidentiality and interoperability, in the security requirements are not too high when available. It includes:
(1) Handshake protocol. That is, before transmitting information, send handshake information to mutually confirm each other's identity. After confirming the identity, both parties *** hold a *** enjoyment key with each other.
(2) Message encryption protocol. That is, after the handshake between the two sides, with each other's certificates (RSA public key) encrypted a random key, and then encrypt the message flow between the two sides with the random key to achieve confidentiality.
Since he was built into IE, NESCAPE and other browsers, it is very easy to implement. Most of the current B-C online payment using this approach. Using the online payment interface provided by China Merchants Bank can easily realize the online payment based on this protocol.
SSL uses encryption to establish a secure communication channel for transmitting a customer's credit card number to the merchant. It is equivalent to using a secure phone connection to read the user's credit card over the phone to the merchant.
Diagram of the SSL transaction process
While the SSL handshake protocol can be used for two parties to confirm each other's identities, in practice it basically only uses the client to authenticate the server's identity, i.e., one-sided authentication. This protocol does not protect against fraud by an unscrupulous merchant who has the customer's credit card number. Merchant fraud is one of the most serious problems facing the SSL protocol. In addition, due to the encryption algorithm by the U.S. encryption export restrictions, browsers and Web Servers have the so-called "512/40" problem. DES symmetric encryption is 40 bits and RSA encryption is 512 bits. The low encryption strength makes it difficult to promote the B-C SSL protocol to the more demanding B-B domain.
2.2 Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol SET
SET is a secure transaction processing protocol that implements payments using payment cards (credit, debit, and debit cards, etc.) over an open network (Inter or Public Multimedia Network). Its implementation does not require major modifications to existing bank payment networks. Version 1.0 of the protocol was released on 5/31/1997.
SET specifies the flow of purchase and payment messaging between parties in an electronic commerce payment system. The attached figure shows the flowchart of the SET protocol structure. It can be seen that the e-commerce payment system transaction of the three parties: the cardholder, the merchant and the payment gateway. The transaction process is as follows:
(1) the cardholder decides to purchase, and sends a purchase request to the merchant;
(2) the merchant returns information such as agreement to pay;
(3) the cardholder verifies the merchant's identity, and transmits the ordering information and payment information securely to the merchant, but the payment information is invisible to the merchant (encrypted with the bank's public key);
(4) The merchant verifies the identity of the payment gateway, transmits the payment information to the payment gateway, and asks for verification of the validity of the cardholder's payment information;
(5) The payment gateway verifies the identity of the merchant, verifies the validity of the cardholder's payment information by going to the card-issuing bank through the traditional banking network, and returns the result to the merchant;
(6) The merchant returns the information to the cardholder and delivers the goods;
( (7) The merchant periodically sends a request for payment information to the payment gateway, which notifies the card bank of the transfer and returns the result to the merchant, ending the transaction.
Secure electronic transactions use security technologies including: encryption (public key encryption, secret key encryption), digital envelopes, digital signatures, double digital signatures, authentication and so on. It ensures data security through encryption, authentication of transaction parties and data integrity through digital signatures, and interoperability through the use of explicit interaction protocols and message formats.
Because it is more complex to implement, each transaction needs to be encrypted several times, HASH and digital signatures, and must be installed on the client side of the specialized transaction software. Therefore, there are not many electronic payment systems that use this protocol. Currently, the payment method in Bank of China's online banking is based on SET.