Big data is a new term in the last two years, following Web 2.0, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, which has attracted more and more attention in the field of information science and technology.

Big data is a new concept that has been introduced for the first time by McKinsey & Co. in its 2011 report Big Data: The Next Frontier of Innovation, Competition, and Productivity. In 2011, McKinsey first proposed the concept of "Big Data" in its research report "Big Data: The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition and Productivity", which was then introduced in columns in the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. With the Obama administration's announcement in 2012 of a $200 million investment to launch the Big Data Research and Development Initiative, Big Data has officially risen to the level of a national strategy on par with the historic Internet and supercomputing. "We are indeed setting sail, and the quantitative march forward, supported by vast new sources of data, will tread across academic, commercial, and governmental domains, leaving no area untouched." The advent of the big data era has also had a dramatic impact on archives.