In order to prevent bird flu from spreading among people, Hong Kong slaughtered more than 6,543,800 chickens in one month, leaving people without chickens to eat during the Spring Festival. In order to prevent the epidemic of encephalitis, Malaysia slaughtered 500,000 pigs in March 1999. At that time, in order to prevent the epidemic of mad cow disease, Britain sent millions of cows to the incinerator.
The seriousness and harmfulness of infectious diseases are enormous. We must give priority to prevention, prevent delay and be prepared for danger in times of peace.
The top five infectious diseases in China are dysentery (including diarrhea), viral hepatitis, malaria, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever and measles. The top five mortality rates are rabies, Japanese encephalitis, dysentery, viral hepatitis and epidemic hemorrhagic fever.
It is worth noting that in recent years, the number of STD patients in China has doubled. By 2 1 century, about12 infectious diseases will be gonorrhea and syphilis. Why are sexually transmitted diseases, which were declared "basically eliminated" in 1964, resurfacing? The main reasons are: population mobility, repeated prohibition of prostitution and drug abuse, foreign input, sexual openness and disorderly sexual behavior, coupled with poor prevention and control, medical market chaos and so on.
With the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and the disadvantages of blood transfusion and intravenous drugs, hundreds of thousands of people in China are infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and some of them will become AIDS patients in less than 10 years. At present, management will be strengthened mainly through measures such as prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, drug control and prohibition of prostitution, implementation of the Blood Donation Law and the Regulations on the Management of Blood Products, prohibition of the use of syringes, promotion of condom use, and correct sex education.
Prevention and treatment of influenza will be another important task in 2 1 century. Influenza viruses are constantly mutating and recombining. 19 19 influenza swept the world, with 500 million people sick and 20 million dead. During the period of 1957, Shanghai was ravaged by influenza, about half of the people got sick, and factories and schools were closed. During the period of 1968, influenza broke out in 55 countries and regions, and 500,000 people were sick in China and Hongkong alone. After that, there was no worldwide epidemic of influenza, but small-scale epidemics continued. For example, 1968, swine flu occurred in the United States. Although only four people died (1 person), it caused a shock in the United States, and the vaccine was urgently produced, but it was not popularized because of its great side effects. It is estimated that in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, once a new virus strain causes influenza, it can spread all over the world within four days. At present, scientists are paying close attention to the flu dynamics and developing various drugs and vaccines to prevent it before it happens.
Another infectious disease worthy of attention is cholera. There have been seven cholera pandemics in the world. 196 1 year, the seventh world cholera epidemic caused by cholera in Eirto once caused thousands of cases or even many deaths in China. Recently, a new cholera 03 19 appeared, and the cumulative number of cases has exceeded 654.38+10,000. 1998 The number of cholera cases in China reached about 300,000, nearly double that of 1997. According to experts' analysis, this may be related to the El Ni? o phenomenon, that is, the rising sea surface temperature promotes the reproduction of microorganisms in seawater, and large-scale floods create conditions for cholera epidemic. It is estimated that only about 50% of the coastal residents in China drink sterilized tap water, and about 5% of them like drinking raw water. Coupled with the variation of bacterial species and the enhancement of bacterial drug resistance, it will become a hidden danger of cholera epidemic in the future.
In addition to paying close attention to the above major infectious diseases, the prevention of infectious diarrhea is still the main task in summer and autumn; Preventing rubella, mumps and chickenpox is also the task of epidemic prevention in spring; The task of malaria prevention and control of floating population and immigrants is not easy; In winter and spring, the prevention of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and plague can also be combined with patriotic health campaigns such as rodent control. In short, as long as we make unremitting efforts, attach importance to thoughts and actions, and attach importance to environmental sanitation construction at ordinary times, once the disease occurs, catch it early, catch it less, and do a good job, infectious diseases will be controlled and eliminated in 2 1 century.