So what is the aging degree of major cities? According to the data of the seventh national census, the First Financial Reporter made a statistical analysis of 35 cities, including municipalities directly under the central government, cities with separate plans, capital cities with a population of more than 5 million, ordinary prefecture-level cities with GDP exceeding one trillion, and Dongguan, a manufacturing city. It was found that 1 1 of the 35 cities had entered a deeply aging society. In contrast, the population age structure of several cities in the Pearl River Delta and Xiamen is relatively young, among which Dongguan and Shenzhen account for less than 4% of the population aged 65 and over, and Shenzhen is also the youngest city at present.
Nantong has entered the era of super-aging.
According to the data of the seventh national census, the population aged 0- 14 is 253,383,900, accounting for 17.95%. /kloc-894.376 million people aged from 0/5 to 59, accounting for 63.35%; The population aged 60 and over is 26.4 million1.88 million, accounting for 18.70%, of which the population aged 65 and over is190.6353 million, accounting for 13.50%.
Judging from the proportion of people aged 60 and above, 13 of the 35 cities exceeded the national average 18.70%, among which 9 cities accounted for more than 20%, namely Nantong, Dalian, Shanghai, Shenyang, Harbin, Chongqing, Tianjin, Changchun and Qingdao, mainly from Northeast China, Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta.
Judging from the proportion of people aged 65 and above, 13 cities exceeded the national average of 13.5%. Among them, 1 1 cities have entered a deeply aging society, namely Nantong, Chongqing, Dalian, Shanghai, Shenyang, Tianjin, Harbin, Wuxi, Qingdao, Changchun and Jinan. The proportion of Nantong has reached 22.67%, ranking first among all cities in China.
However, judging from the districts and counties in Nantong, the central city and development zones have attracted a large number of labor inflows, so the overall aging degree is low. Among them, the proportion of the population aged 65 and above in Chongchuan District is only13.765,438+0%, and that in Development Zone is 10.23%.
Except these two districts, all other districts and counties in Nantong have exceeded the standard of 14% deep aging. Rudong County under its jurisdiction has a high proportion of 29.98%, and the proportion of people aged 60 and over reaches 38.95438+0%, which is close to 40%. According to "Jiangsu Province 2065438+2008 report on the information of the elderly population and the development of the cause of the elderly", by the end of 2065438+2008, Nantong's centenarians had reached 132 1 person, accounting for 22% of the total in the province, and it is a veritable hometown of longevity.
Nantong has a high degree of aging, on the one hand, because of the strict implementation of family planning in the past and the high proportion of only children, the birth rate of Nantong is relatively low, and the inertia of this low birth rate has continued to this day. According to 20 19 Nantong statistical bulletin, the birth rate of the whole city is 5.85‰, and the natural population growth rate is -2.75‰. According to the data from the Seventh National Census, the population aged 0- 14 in Nantong is 10.9%, which is 7 percentage points lower than the national average.
However, according to the data of the seventh census, compared with the registered population, Nantong has achieved a net inflow of permanent residents, and its population structure has undergone historic changes. Since 20 18, the city has created more than 65,438+10,000 new jobs every year. Five local national development zones, 12 provincial development zones, and various parks and parks all have their own industrial characteristics, attracting a large number of employed people.
After Nantong, Chongqing's population aged 65 and over accounts for 17.08%, ranking second among 35 cities. Chongqing is one of the important old industrial bases in China. Before the reform and opening up, there were many industrial workers, and now there are many retirees. In addition, a large number of people in Chongqing are distributed in the counties under its jurisdiction, especially in the southeast and northeast of Chongqing. Due to the underdeveloped economy in these areas, many young laborers have flowed out to the southeast coastal areas, so the overall aging degree is relatively high.
It is worth noting that the proportion of the elderly population changes with the proportion of the working-age population and the proportion of the children population. Dalian, Shenyang, Harbin and other cities with prominent heavy chemical industries industrialized and urbanized earlier, with low birth rate and low proportion of children for many years; In addition, in recent years, heavy chemical industry is facing greater downward pressure and limited new employment opportunities, which also leads to the outflow of many young people, and the proportion of working-age population is relatively low, so the proportion of elderly population will be relatively high.
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Shenzhen has the youngest population structure.
In contrast, among the 35 cities, there are 8 cities with a population below 10%, namely Shenzhen, Dongguan, Xiamen, Foshan, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Quanzhou and Guiyang. Except Zhengzhou, all the cities with low aging degree are Jiangnan.
On the one hand, the provinces where these cities are located have relatively high birth rates and a relatively high proportion of children. For example, the proportion of children aged 0- 14 in Quanzhou is as high as 20.62%, and that in Zhengzhou is 19.05%. In addition, including the Pearl River Delta and several cities in southern Fujian, the inflow of migrants is relatively large, with a large population aged 65,438+05 ~ 59. For example, the proportion in Dongguan is as high as 865,438+0.465,438+0%, that in Shenzhen is as high as 79.53%, and that in Foshan, Guangzhou and Xiamen is above 73%.
Among them, the population aged 65 and over in the first-tier city of Shenzhen is only 3.22%, and the population aged 60 and over is only 5.36%, both of which are the lowest. Shenzhen is also the youngest city in China at present.
According to the analysis released by Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Statistics, compared with 20 10, the proportion of people aged 0- 14 increased by 5. 14 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 15-59 decreased by 7.5 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 60 and over increased by 2.36 percentage points, and the proportion of people aged 65 and over increased by 66 percentage points. Although the proportion of population aged 0/5-59 in Shenzhen has decreased, it is still 16. 18 percentage points higher than that in China and 10.73 percentage points higher than that in Guangdong province, indicating that the population of Shenzhen is still "young" and still in a period of vigorous "demographic dividend".
Dongguan, the "world factory", is still very young. According to the analysis of Dongguan Statistics Bureau, from the perspective of population age structure, Dongguan belongs to a "young city", with a large proportion of working-age population and vibrant economic development, and the demographic dividend has changed to both demographic dividend and talent dividend. The scale of the elderly population is growing steadily, and the degree of population aging is relatively light compared with the national level, which will be conducive to the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure of our city and the sustained and coordinated development of population, economy and society.
Pengpeng, executive director of the Guangdong Provincial System Reform Research Association, told the First Financial Reporter that one of the reasons why several cities in the Pearl River Delta are relatively young is that the proportion of migrants is very high, because migrant workers are mainly young people.
The proportion of people aged 65 and over in Xiamen is the third lowest in China. According to the analysis of Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Statistics, at present, the average age of the city's population is 36.8 years old, which is 0.5 years younger than the average age of the province and 2 years younger than the average age of the whole country. It is the "youngest" in the province, with a more dynamic population age structure and rich human capital. The population aged 60 and over in Xiamen accounts for 9.56%, and the population aged 65 and over accounts for 6. 17%. At present, the two indicators have not reached the standard of an aging society, indicating that Xiamen has not yet entered an aging society and is still in the "population window period".
Ding, an associate professor of economics at Xiamen University, told CBN. Southeast coastal areas have developed economy and good climate, and industrial development has a great demand for employment, and a large number of young labor force people have flowed in. In addition, the birth rate in these places is not low, so the degree of aging is low.