[ Abstract] At present, the informatization level of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises is generally low, and it is still a traditional growth model, and the technical equipment, informatization level and production mode are still relatively backward. Although many small and medium-sized enterprises realize the importance of informatization to enterprise development, it is still difficult for them to carry out informatization construction. This paper analyzes the present situation of informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises, and puts forward some suggestions on informatization construction on this basis.
[ Keywords] enterprise informatization; Accounting informatization; Management; Information
Today, with the rapid development of economic globalization and information technology, enterprise informatization is a powerful weapon to promote enterprise work innovation and upgrading, and improve management level and competitiveness. The informatization of Chinese enterprises is mainly based on ERP. Using ERP system, advanced management ideas can be put into practice in the specific production and operation management process, which can bring organizational innovation, process optimization and management reform to an enterprise.
according to statistics, at present, there are about thousands of enterprises in China that systematically use ERP, mainly large state-owned joint-stock enterprises and joint ventures in economically developed areas. Many enterprises mainly focus on the application of single computer, and their application level and efficiency are not high. Although the success rate of ERP implementation has increased to 2%, most of them are large enterprises with strong strength. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises accounts for 99% of Chinese enterprises, but only about 1% have implemented informatization, and the implementation effect is not ideal due to reasons such as funds, technical strength and management level. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote the informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises and improve the overall management level of small and medium-sized enterprises.
1. Current situation of informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises
1. Lack of understanding of enterprise informatization construction
Enterprise informatization is a means for an enterprise to improve operational efficiency, improve service level and reduce operating costs, and it is a comprehensive, systematic and scientific management of enterprise R&D, manufacturing, sales and service by using information technology. Information management has broken through people's original ideas and updated traditional management methods. According to the requirements of informatization, there are many unsuitable places in the concept, internal organizational structure and operation procedures of enterprises at present, and the irregular management has become the bottleneck for enterprises to promote informatization. Therefore, enterprise informatization must reform traditional management, otherwise, informatization management will be difficult to advance. At present, information construction, driven by the Internet, has become the current and future development trend. Enterprise informatization is not a dispensable problem, but how to do it, how to do it well, and how to speed up the process. However, there are many small and medium-sized enterprises that don't know enough about this, and the leaders of enterprises hesitate to think that informatization is a very distant thing, and their attitude is not very positive. Some enterprises think that the current benefits of enterprises are good, and they are not in a hurry to informatization; Some enterprises think that they have a poor foundation, lack of talents and can't be informationized. With these understandings, there is a lack of strength in promoting informatization and depth in developing management information systems. Therefore, changing the concept of enterprise managers is the premise of enterprise informatization. Enterprise managers should regard the implementation of informatization as a very urgent matter, which is related to the life and death of enterprises. Only by realizing management informatization can enterprises be in an invincible position in the fierce market competition.
2. the goal of enterprise informatization is unclear
informatization can achieve the goal of enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises, improving economic benefits and ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises by standardizing enterprise management, accelerating the transmission of information, participating in enterprise decision-making and cooperating. Many small and medium-sized enterprises believe that the purpose of enterprise informatization is to improve labor efficiency, replace manual labor and improve the speed of information output, and these are only the goals of the initial stage of informatization. If informatization is carried out according to this primary goal, it will inevitably lead to a serious waste of capital and manpower of enterprises, and will also affect the upgrading and development of informatization. Every enterprise should determine the goal of informatization according to the business strategic needs of the enterprise. Enterprise informatization should have a long-term business strategy. In addition, in the specific implementation, enterprises still lack clear quantitative information application goals. Most enterprises fail to do it in place, and all of them are macro qualitative goals. There are few micro quantitative operational goals, such as enterprise management foundation issues, management model issues, enterprise inventory issues, enterprise production issues, enterprise market issues, enterprise strategy issues, etc., as well as the goal of reflecting enterprise management status with the same indicators. They have not made in-depth research and analysis, thus losing the operational goal of information management implementation.
3. Enterprise informatization is limited to accounting informatization
Now, some small and medium-sized enterprises have realized the value of informatization, and they have purchased computers and computerized software one after another, so they think that enterprise informatization has been implemented. In fact, this is a very one-sided view. Many small and medium-sized enterprise managers have such a wrong view that office automation management and accounting informatization are regarded as enterprise informatization. Accounting informatization is an important part of enterprise informatization, but it is not all. Informatization requires the coverage of enterprise information system throughout the whole enterprise and all units that have contacts with the enterprise.
4. Enterprise management is backward and innovation is not strong enough
Small and medium-sized enterprises have been in an extensive management state for a long time and cannot adapt to the application of advanced information management ideas and methods, such as ERP, supply chain, customer relationship management, e-commerce and other advanced management ideas and methods without a good management environment, and cannot take root, sprout, blossom and bear fruit in enterprises. At the same time, the innovation of enterprises is not strong enough, and it is impossible to improve the backward management level of enterprises through innovation to adapt to and meet the application of advanced management methods such as ERP. Even if enterprises do not carry out information management for the time being, they should improve their management level through innovation and solve the problems existing in enterprise management. The lack of innovation in enterprises is also manifested in the understanding of this issue by enterprise leaders and the overall environmental problems in China, and the overall environment has not yet formed enough for enterprise leaders to make up their minds to change this traditional management mode to adapt to the development in the new economic environment.
2. Suggestions on the informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise informatization refers to the integrated management of enterprises by using computer technology, network technology and database technology on the basis of the reorganization and optimization of business processes and production and operation activities of enterprises, so as to realize the sharing of internal and external information and the effective use of information resources, so as to improve the economic benefits and market competitiveness of enterprises. Informatization is a process, and the breadth and depth of informatization will continue to develop with the development of science and technology and the actual needs of production and business activities. For small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out information construction should pay attention to the following points.
1. gradually upgrade from accounting informatization to enterprise management informatization system
according to the survey results of IT168, the ratio of enterprise informatization application is: financial management 75%, office automation 12%, collaborative management 12%, which shows that the popularity of high-end applications is low. The implementation of informatization in enterprises needs a process of understanding and deepening step by step. Accounting computerization is the first step in enterprise informatization in China, so many enterprises take the lead in realizing computerization in the accounting field. On this basis, enterprises can take accounting computerization as the breakthrough point, and then gradually add other modules to continuously expand and upgrade informatization, so that accounting computerization becomes a part of enterprise management information system, and cooperates with other systems to help enterprises develop, achieve the purpose of enterprise management informatization and continuously carry out enterprise informatization construction.
2. Choose ERP software suitable for enterprises
Facing the global competition, applying ERP to enhance competitiveness has become the knowledge of many enterprises in China. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in the development stage need to adopt advanced management methods and tools to support the rapid development of enterprises. From the development history of Chinese enterprises, what we are facing now is the application stage of enterprise informatization represented by ERP. As an advanced technology and system of contemporary enterprise management, ERP plays an important historical role in the overall development of Chinese enterprises. Enterprises should choose suitable ERP software and analyze the characteristics and needs of their own enterprises. The more advanced, the better. Advanced things are not necessarily suitable for all enterprises. For small and medium-sized enterprises, it is best to choose medium-sized international software products, so that not only there is a reasonable investment in cost, but also the key is that the implementation difficulty is relatively small, the requirements of software for enterprise personnel are not very high, and the functions of the products are relatively comprehensive, which can meet the needs of enterprise management standardization and internationalization. In addition, the system selected by enterprises should have good expansibility, friendly and open technical platform, and close cooperation with software enterprises and good technical support during the whole implementation process.
3. Strengthen the preparation of data
Many enterprises think that informatization means talking with software companies and buying software, while ignoring the preparation of basic data. Some people use "3 points technology, 7 points management and 12 points data" to describe the importance of data. Many enterprises didn't agree with it at first, but gradually realized its importance in the process of implementation, because the data is incomplete and inaccurate. As long as there is a problem with one data, it will affect the overall situation. Enterprises should do a good job in standardization and material coding, which is a basic work in the implementation of informatization. It should be compiled in combination with national standards and enterprise habits, so that one company can be counted and the data can be shared.
4. Enterprise informatization can be guided by experts.
Informatization construction and implementation is a high-risk project and a systematic project. Enterprises can't "build a car behind closed doors", so they should help enterprises do this project well with the help of external brains. Therefore, enterprises should introduce management consulting. Before the implementation of the information system, business leaders generally have no idea, and they have not implemented the information system, so it is impossible to have a deep understanding of the whole information system. In this case, business leaders can make demands, and as for how to do it, they can give it to experienced experts or consultants for help. In the preparation stage, experts assist enterprises to do demand analysis, information management scheme, software selection, computer configuration, coding guidance, human capital investment plan and other work. In the implementation stage, there are more problems to be dealt with. The information system is an enterprise's behavior, which should be combined with the enterprise culture. The software system can't be used if it is bought. Starting from the establishment of basic data, gradually promoting the implementation of the system and handling abnormal situations all have practical application problems. At this time, experienced experts are needed to guide it, which can shorten the implementation cycle and avoid detours so as to ensure the successful implementation of the system.
5. Do a good job in training
Enterprises are required to train all employees in advanced management ideas such as ERP, so that all employees can accept new ideas, new methods, new ideas and new theories, and then turn them into productive forces. It is extremely necessary to organize training for different systems, different projects and different personnel. Due to insufficient training, the system implementation project was blocked, the project was delayed, and the system could not operate normally. The training should run through the whole system implementation process, and the corresponding content training should be carried out every step. At the same time, it is necessary to solve the problem of "raw rice" in the implementation process, because with the implementation of the system, the understanding of the system continues to deepen, and new problems raised in combination with business must be solved through training. The forms of training can be varied, except for class training, meeting and discussing, distributing study materials, organizing reading, leading relevant personnel of enterprises to visit users, and learning about the implementation of other enterprises, all of which can be used as training forms and should be carried out flexibly according to the actual situation of enterprises. At the same time, training can be included in the departmental assessment, and the key contents can be organized and scored, and the personnel department will record them. The above means can enhance the training effect.
6. Implement informatization construction according to one's ability
Due to limited funds and low management level, small and medium-sized enterprises should do their best in informatization construction according to the actual situation. If conditions permit, you can directly access the management information system such as ERP. If there are difficulties, you can also start with solving outstanding problems in financial management, material management and sales management and implement them step by step. Enterprise informatization is not an unattainable, mysterious and profound thing. The key is to suit the enterprise and suit the remedy to the case.
in short, enterprises must carry out information construction if they want to survive and develop. Small and medium-sized enterprises should adapt to the challenges of the new economic era and embark on the road of information in time to make enterprises invincible in the fierce market competition.
main references
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