Recently, I encountered a lot of troubles at work, which seriously interfered with my daily life and my monthly plans and goals throughout April. Although I have been tested by troublesome problems, fortunately, I thoroughly read the good book "Disassembling All Problems" given to me by the teacher of Primary Six in early April, because after reading this book, I tried to think about difficult problems with the thinking introduced in the book and practice with the methods in the book, so that I could find a peaceful self slowly, find solutions in all kinds of hectic personnel and relationships, and complete tasks one by one as planned.
Peng Xiaoliu, the founder of the onion reading method, said: "When I was a child, crying was the magic weapon to solve all problems. When we grow up, we find that thinking is a' weapon' to solve problems. "
In our work and life, we often encounter various problems. Some people seem helpless in the face of problems, and they don't know where to start in the face of messy problems; Some people thought about it and tried their best to come up with a solution, but the result was not satisfactory. Some people look for a way out of the problem from a multi-dimensional perspective and solve the problem step by step in the process of trial and error. In fact, there are methods to solve problems, and it is also an ability that needs deliberate practice.
? Disassembling all problems: how to become a master of solving difficult problems is the representative work of Masaya Yokota, director of the Japanese Institute of Functional Methods. This book is to teach us how to disassemble the problem, see through the essence of the problem, quickly find the breakthrough to solve the problem, creatively solve the problem and achieve the established goal. Through a set of processes and methodology, we can calmly deal with difficult problems and solve them fundamentally.
The book consists of five chapters, with the clue of "locking-analysis-creation-tempering-perfection", which vividly and clearly presents the whole process of disassembly to readers. Each sub-process corresponds to a disassembly thinking, and the specific applications of ruler thinking, scissors thinking, needle and thread thinking, hammer thinking and screwdriver thinking in solving problems are expounded.
How to solve problems efficiently, solve life problems and iteratively upgrade personal abilities? This book is undoubtedly a good tool for each of us to upgrade iteratively. Let me tell you about the five kinds of bottom-level thinking of solving problems introduced in the book, and how to temper us into masters of disassembling problems.
0 1 ruler thinking: effectively defining problems
If you want to solve the problem, you must first figure it out.
Two magical questions: for whom? For what? Understand the essence of the problem from these two angles. For example, in the workplace, I receive a lot of documents every day, including competitions, activities and notices ... Some jobs are not the responsibility of our department at all, and some are even beyond my job responsibilities and professional scope. It is conceivable that the leader sent out the document without thinking. He just finished the action of "sending them out", but he didn't seriously think about who this work was for. Why do you want to finish this work? On the contrary, after receiving these documents, I asked myself: it is completely beyond my professional ability and job responsibilities. Why should I finish this work? Who is this job for? With this question, I have every reason to refuse these hard-core jobs that are unreasonably imposed on me.
Therefore, magical questions can help people think deeply. As long as they "ask themselves" at all times, after deliberate practice, they will gradually form the thinking of disassembly.
? The author said: Don't just do it, go straight to the "dead hole" of the problem.
? In order to deeply analyze the mining problem, try to disassemble the problem with "4M management method". 4M refers to manpower, machines, materials and methods.
For example, our unit conducts some training activities and expert lectures to improve teaching ability every year, and the results are often not ideal. We can focus on the four elements of 4M management law and think deeply about the areas that need to be improved from the perspective of these four elements.
There may be many reasons found by 4M analysis:
Manpower: the lecturer's professional level and teaching level are not high, which makes it difficult to attract students' attention; Employees themselves lack enthusiasm for learning.
Machine: lack of audio-visual facilities and venues for effective activities.
Materials: Lack of training materials and course materials.
Methods: The lecturer taught in the wrong way and the process design was unreasonable. Without interaction, it is difficult for students to feel * * *.
Through further investigation, we found that the fundamental crux lies in that enterprises should improve the ability of leaders to plan projects and activities in management. For example, the leaders in charge of teaching did not participate in the design of training programs from hand to foot or from beginning to end. Many times, they think that the lecturer is invited to provide the venue, and everything else is controlled by the lecturer. Therefore, most training activities and lectures are mere formality, which does not promote the development of teaching and research.
Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of training courses, we should pay attention to how the competent teaching departments participate in the training process.
? Scissors thinking: the problem of division and confusion
? Plant a "problem tree" and divide the problem into manageable units.
? The first step in analyzing a problem is to decompose it. There are two main points: sorting out and decomposing details.
In order to analyze the problem deeply, we should realize that we live in two different worlds-one is a "formal" world, and we know the world through our own feelings; The other is the world of "function", including meaning, intention, goal, effect, purpose, reason, performance, mission and function. It means that we can regard the form of things as the concrete manifestation of their functions.
In order to solve the problem, we need to find a function that is closer to the essence of the problem. We can often ask, "What is this for?"
For example, in the era of big data, many teachers still have great resistance to the implementation of intelligent education in schools. Traditional teaching is simpler and more effective. Intelligent classroom, intelligent equipment and intelligent educational tools are purely playthings of classroom performance. But they never ask themselves: What can a smart classroom give students? What can teachers get?
We can try to think about why we should build a smart classroom. Smart classroom can not only enable students to master the classroom, but also cultivate students' various abilities and innovative thinking. In fact, the teacher is the biggest beneficiary, that is, freed from the traditional classroom, without the whole class indoctrination, or even classroom quizzes, weekly exams and monthly exams. All topics have the ability of big data to help analyze students and match the ability that is more suitable for students. On the contrary, even if you don't build a smart classroom, you can find other ways to cultivate students' core literacy, and you can try to switch.
If we ask why we should build a smart classroom, we will find that its real purpose is to improve the teaching quality, that is, to improve students' ability to integrate and summarize information, learning, thinking, teamwork and innovative knowledge, and to cultivate intelligent and innovative talents for the society.
Through repeated questioning and thinking, we can organize various functions into a chart, which is called a quick chart. FAST is the abbreviation of function analysis system technique, which determines the required functions of the scheme through layer-by-layer analysis.
For example, the top-level function of "high-quality classroom map" is to cultivate more intelligent students with core literacy, and the key function is to increase the channels for students to learn knowledge.
What we want to achieve is not only to build a smart classroom, but to increase the channels for students to learn knowledge. In the environment of big data, students can experience multi-dimensional learning by using smart devices. For example, in a class, students can learn knowledge not only from textbooks, but also from micro-lessons, videos, documents, audio, pictures and peers, thus effectively cultivating students' abilities of observation, search, information arrangement and teamwork. Big data records students' learning paths, gives timely learning feedback, customizes learning resources suitable for students' learning, and realizes personalized teaching and hierarchical teaching. It not only optimizes the teaching process, but also greatly reduces the work pressure of teachers.
We should start with the analysis of key functions in order to get rid of the inherent concepts and thinking patterns and make the activities of thinking and solving problems more creative.
03? Needle and thread thinking: creative problem solving
If we want to solve difficult problems, we need to think creatively.
Inspiration is a science that connects scattered inspirations. This is a process of creation-transformation-improvement.
In order to gain creative ability, we should master enough knowledge. Therefore, whether in quantity or quality, we should accumulate and reserve high-quality knowledge with our heart. We should fully understand and digest the stored knowledge according to our own unique way of thinking, and then transfer the knowledge to life and work, that is, produce a unique innovative thinking box to solve problems.
For example, if you want to develop a new dish, preparing ingredients is as important as processing, using previous cooking knowledge and experience for processing, and even innovating seasonings and cooking methods to develop a unique new dish.
? 04? Hammer thinking: tempering and polishing scheme
When we find a solution, we must polish and scrutinize our ideas and thoughts repeatedly, so that they can be turned into steel like iron, and harmful components and unfavorable factors can be removed. In the end, you will get a tough thinking like steel and polish the initial ideas into efficient solutions.
Find fault in an egg, make a list of potential shortcomings and check them one by one, constantly criticize details, find mistakes and make up for omissions. When you find a problem, you need to think about how to avoid mistakes and shortcomings, which requires us to rethink. Continue to go deep into the idea and think about other possibilities, so that you can dig up more ideas.
? I am most inspired by six thinking hats. Using six thinking hats can make chaotic thinking clearer, turn meaningless arguments in groups into brainstorming, and make everyone creative.
? Blue hat: that is, consider the whole from the overall situation. People in blue hats will never be emotional, but can see the overall situation from the highest angle.
? White hat: It stands for thinking about information and facts. People in white hats never think subjectively, but pay attention to information and data.
? Red hat: it represents thinking caused by feeling or mood. People wearing red hats think irrationally and care more about appearance, mood, personality, interpersonal relationship, feeling and style.
? Black hat: more consideration is given to risks, threats, impossibility and failure. People who wear this hat will never think about benefits and benefits.
? Yellow hat: It stands for optimism. People who wear this hat think more about interests, interests, achievements, possibilities and success. People who wear this hat will never think negatively.
? Green hat: stands for innovation. People who wear this hat care more about novelty, differentiation and uniqueness. They don't consider conventions and are not limited by frameworks.
After tempering, you can organize your ideas into operational solutions and test whether there are any problems while practicing. Sometimes you need to show your ideas to the team and invite experts to make suggestions.
Next, we will enter the running test stage of the solution, release the test version at the same time, and invite customers and experts as evaluators to evaluate.
? Only when it is difficult to find shortcomings and fallacies from any angle can we truly achieve the purpose of "tempering". Most of the time to solve problems is spent on "cycle tempering".
05? Screwdriver thinking: make disassembly a habit
As long as we go through the three steps of analysis, creation and tempering in the process of solving problems, even very difficult problems can be conceived with ingenious solutions.
? In life and work, problems should be solved like looking for a future lover. The first reaction is not to complain about who caused the problem. This is a problem-solving method of "past reappearance". But the author suggests that we should use "concretization of the future", that is, use imagination to create a bright future and then solve problems.
For example, in your own works, try to put forward "for whom"? "Why?" And other issues, improve the ability to understand the problem. Secondly, please try to decompose the problem, and then analyze the deconstructed problem. We deliberately practice disassembling problems, so that our ability to determine the improvement of problems will be improved. This will improve your conception, creativity and imagination. Finally, find out the shortcomings of the existing scheme and overcome them, so as to improve the accuracy of solving the problem.
For example, when listening to other people's opinions at the meeting, try to put forward your own suggestions or questions. These thinking exercises will open our brains and stimulate creativity. Maybe one day, your leader will notice you and want to hear your opinion.
? "Deliberate Practice" wrote: "Learning is no longer a way to tap someone's potential, but a way to develop this potential. We can create our own potential. "
The last step in disassembling all problems is to practice deliberately and make disassembling a habit.
Solve all problems with disassembly thinking, and make the dilemma zero with dimension reduction thinking. The book "Disassembling All Problems" is suitable for everyone who wants to improve themselves and easily solve problems in life and workplace. Whether you are a person who is not good at solving problems or a person who lacks creativity, I believe that as long as you train in a scientific way and stick to it, you will definitely become a master at solving problems.