Soil is sick
A ginkgo leaf reveals global warming
The leaves and fruits of the "living fossil" ginkgo change along with the climate. The period when dinosaurs reigned supreme was the most prosperous period for all kinds of ginkgoes, with various forms of leaves and different fruits. Later, due to climate change, the ginkgo gradually grew longer and smaller.
On May 17, 2012, Zhou Zhiyan, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), demonstrated the changes in ginkgo leaves and fruits over 170 million years. "During the Jurassic period, the ginkgo leaf was as big as an adult's palm, and the leaf blade had many divisions, but gradually, the ginkgo leaf had fewer and fewer divisions, and became what it is now, kind of like a small fan." The stomatal density of ginkgo leaves changes with temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. Because global temperatures are warming and carbon dioxide concentrations are increasing, the stomatal density of ginkgo biloba leaves is also increasing and the shape of the leaves is changing slightly. However, the world as a whole is in a small interglacial period, and temperatures are still much lower than in ancient times, so ginkgo biloba leaves are still much smaller than in ancient times, and the fruit is much larger. Over the past century, the average global surface temperature has risen by 0.3 to 0.6 degrees Celsius and the sea level has risen by 10 to 25 centimeters. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere has increased by 10% from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution (1750). Without fundamental changes in the pattern of world energy consumption, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will reach 560 ppm by the middle of the 21st century, and average global temperatures could rise by 1.5 to 4 degrees Celsius. Ozone layer destruction and depletion
The depletion of the ozone layer over the Earth has continued unabated since the emergence of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985. By 1994, the area of ozone layer depletion over Antarctica had reached 24 million square kilometers. The ozone layer has begun to thin over the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Russia, China, Japan and other countries. Worldwide emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) into the atmosphere have reached 20 million tons. Since ODS is quite stable and can exist in the atmosphere for 50 to 100 years, and will continue to react with ozone, even if the world completely stops emitting ODS, it will take another 20 years before human beings can see signs of recovery of the ozone layer. Acid Rain Pollution
"Acid rain" refers to the transfer of acidic substances from the atmosphere to the ground in the form of wet deposition (rain, snow) or dry deposition (acidic particulate matter). The vast majority of acid rain is sulfuric and nitric acids, which are mainly derived from the extensive use of fossil fuels by humans, which emit large amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.
Acid Rain Hazards
Acid rain damages buildings and degrades 30 percent of the world's forested areas. In some lakes, acidification alters the aquatic ecosystem, leading to the extinction of fish. Soil acidification impoverishes the soil and leads to the degradation of terrestrial ecosystems. Water Crisis
About 20 countries in the world suffer from severe water scarcity, and more than 1 billion people globally do not have access to safe drinking water. Pollution of marine resources
Globally, there has been a marked degradation in the productivity of the oceans and the quality of the marine environment. Most of the wastes and pollutants from human activities end up in the oceans. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Globally, 300 to 400 million tons of toxic and hazardous chemical wastes are produced each year, of which the most ecologically hazardous and widespread are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT.
Soil inorganic pollution (heavy metals), organic pollutants pollution results
Male sperm counts plummeted, male infertility increased. Decrease in the birth rate of male babies. Serious feminization of animals. As well as an increase in malformed individuals. Soil Inorganic Pollution (Heavy Metals)
Sharp Decline in Biodiversity
There are about 14 million species on Earth, but the planet is losing biodiversity faster than at any other time in history, with the extinction of birds and mammals accelerating. "Cadmium rice" highlights the heavy metal pollution of the soil management can not be delayed
Guangzhou Food and Drug Administration announced on its website in the first quarter of 2013 sampling results, rice and rice products sampling of 18 batches of only 10 batches of qualified, a qualification rate of 55.56 percent. Failure of 8 batches of reasons are cadmium content exceeds the standard. After traceability, six of the batches came from Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, You County and Hengyang City, Hengdong County, it is worth noting that Zhuzhou and Hengyang are industrial towns in the Xiangjiang River Basin. In fact, in February 2013, there were media reports that tens of thousands of tons of cadmium-exceeding rice from Hunan Province flowed into Guangdong in 2009.
Guangzhou Food and Drug Administration in the evening of May 17, 2013 issued a circular showing that the sampling of Guangzhou Taiyang Seafood company rice cadmium content failed, the test results are 0.40 mg / kg; Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, a college canteen rice cadmium content failed, the test results are 0.31 mg / kg; Guangzhou City, Haizhu District, Yannanfei a store rice flour cadmium content failed, the test results are 0.21 mg / kg! , the test result is 0.21 mg/kg; Zhongkai Agricultural Engineering College so-and-so cafeteria row noodles cadmium content failed, the test result is 0.22 mg/kg. Rice in the dietary structure occupies a very large proportion of China's national regulations per kilogram of rice in the cadmium limit of 0.2 mg.
"Pain and suffering disease" public nuisance
The case of excessive cadmium content in food that jeopardizes human health is not uncommon. Japan in the twentieth century, the "pain disease" public incident is because the river was contaminated with cadmium-containing sewage, river water, rice, fish and shrimp enriched in a large number of cadmium, and then through the food chain, so that these cadmium into the human body to accumulate. The patients suffered from osteoporosis, bone atrophy, joint pain, and very miserable illness.
Cadmium into the human body, in addition to cause "pain disease", mainly accumulated in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, thyroid and bones. Make the kidney organs and other lesions, and affect the normal activities of people. Causes anemia, hypertension, neuralgia, osteoporosis, nephritis and secretion disorders. According to incomplete statistics, from 1986 to 2000, the village of Shangba died of 250 people, 160 people under the age of 50, accounting for 64% of the number of deaths; 210 deaths due to cancer, accounting for 84% of the number of deaths, the youngest cancer victim was only 7 years old. There are already more than 70 cancer patients in Dai Village, and four or five people in the village die of various types of cancer every year. In the past 20 years, no one in the village has passed the military conscription physical examination, mainly because of unqualified liver function. 2007, Pan Genxing, a professor at Nanjing Agricultural University, led a team of researchers who randomly purchased 91 rice samples from markets above the county level in six regions of China (East China, Northeast China, Central China, Southwest China, South China, and North China), and the results showed that about 10 percent of the commercially available rice had exceeded the standard for cadmium, the heavy metal in it. 2002, the Quality Supervision and Test Center for Rice and Products of the Ministry of Agriculture had conducted a study on the quality of the rice products of the village. In 2002, the Rice and Products Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture conducted safety sampling of rice in the Chinese market. The results showed that the most serious heavy metal exceeding the standard in rice was lead, with an exceedance rate of 28.4%, followed by cadmium, with an exceedance rate of 10.3%. A determination of heavy metal content of rice around a smelter comprehensive slag heap in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, showed that 19 rice samples, cadmium exceeded the standard rate of 100%. The maximum value of cadmium in rice was 7.51mg/kg, exceeding the standard value of 0.2mg/kg by more than 30 times. Fudan University School of Public **** Health Professor Jin Taijun's group had investigated a cadmium-contaminated area in East China to test the contamination status of rice, vegetables, fish and shrimp. In their survey samples, most of the rice cadmium content exceeds the national health standard value, exceeding 80%. The highest value of cadmium in rice was close to 3mg/kg. for other agricultural products, the cadmium exceeding rate of vegetables was 60%, and the cadmium exceeding rate of fish and shrimp also reached 20%. In 2011, Changde City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guo Zhizhong and other investigations and analysis of cadmium contamination of rice in a city in the south, the random collection of 9 districts, counties and cities under the jurisdiction of the city's self-produced rice 414, cadmium exceeded the rate of 29.2%; Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhang Yue and other tests of a cadmium contaminated area of the south of the locally produced food, found that the collection of 58 grain, cadmium content exceeded the national standard of 41 copies In addition, the highest in rice exceeded the limit of 12.5 times; Zhongnan University Guo Zhaohui and other investigated the heavy metal pollution of vegetables around a non-ferrous metal mining area in Hunan Province, the average value of cadmium content of vegetables is 11.48mg/kg, significantly more than the Chinese national food hygiene standards. At the 2011 meeting of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), Zhou Shengxian, China's Minister of Environmental Protection, disclosed the figure that there are about 150 million mu of contaminated arable land in China, accounting for 8.3% of the 1.8 billion mu of arable land. The detailed pollution information behind these big figures, the areas and people affected, and the impact on food and water sources for urban residents are still not publicized.