Data recently released by the General Administration of Market Supervision (GAMS) shows that over the past decade, the total number of market players in China has made a historic breakthrough, with a net increase of more than 100 million. New technologies, new industries, new forms of business, new modes of enterprise is constantly accumulating new momentum for China's economic development. Data show that as of the end of August 2022, China's registered market players amounted to 163 million, compared with 55 million at the end of 2012, a net increase of more than 100 million, with an average annual increase of 12%. Among them, the number of enterprises increased from more than 13 million to more than 51 million, close to the number of enterprises in the United States and the European Union combined. The number of enterprises per 1,000 people rose from 11.4 to 36.1. Enterprises in the "four new economies" of new technologies, new industries, new business forms and new modes have reached more than 23 million, accounting for 46.4% of all enterprises, and the number of new enterprises in the "four new economies" has continued to grow from 740,000 in 2012 to 384,000 in 2021, continuously contributing to China's economic development. The annual number of new enterprises in the "Four New Economies" will continue to grow from 740,000 in 2012 to 3.84 million in 2021, accumulating new momentum for China's economic development and international competitiveness. The number of individual business households has increased from 40.6 million to 109 million, reaching a new historical level.
With the development of the Internet, big data, new energy, new materials and other new technologies, the world has entered an era of intelligence, digitization and information technology, the United States and Europe's "re-industrialization", Germany's Industry 4.0, which shows that the world has already set off a new round of industrial change and technological revolution. The development of the "four new economies" is an important strategic initiative for China to seize the high ground in global competition in the future, through new scientific and technological breakthroughs, the emergence of new industries, the birth of new forms of business, the application of new modes of fostering new market players, bringing new vitality and new momentum to economic growth (310328), which is an inherent requirement for the realization of high-quality development of the economy, as well as the current stage of the development of China's productive forces, and also the development of the new economy. It is also the objective requirements of the development of China's productive forces at the current stage.
What is the "four new economies"
Today, we are in a stage of full penetration and deep application of the information technology revolution, which has given rise to a large number of new industries, new forms of business, new technologies and new models.
New technologies, mainly referring to new technologies that can be practically promoted, replace traditional applications and form market forces, rather than simple product technologies or laboratory technologies, include, but are not limited to, information technology, biotechnology technology, new energy technology, new material technology, space technology, marine technology and so on.
The impact of new technologies on society as a whole is multifaceted, and each major breakthrough will accelerate the process of social development, promote the development of productive forces, transform and innovate traditional industries and sectors, and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The deeper significance of new technologies to economic and social development lies in the transformation of ideological concepts and ways of thinking, and the development concept implied by the new technologies is green development and inclusive development, emphasizing ecological civilization, business environment, market demand.
New industries mainly refer to those industries that trigger major changes in the industrial system based on new scientific discoveries and supported by new market demands. The new round of industrial and technological revolutions has greatly enriched the product market and brought more consumer choices to consumers, especially since the outbreak of the epidemic, which has generated new demands from consumers, producers, and management, and promoted the eruption of a blowout of new industries and new products. The current new industries include sectors and industries that have emerged based on new scientific research results and technologies, such as artificial intelligence, ****health economy, low-carbon economy, digital economy, and platform economy. It is mainly divided into three categories, one of which is the new industries formed based on new technologies, such as bioengineering, electronic information, marine space, new energy industry and so on. The second category is the new industries formed based on the transformation of traditional industries by new technologies, such as the new materials industry formed through the transformation of the traditional iron and steel industry by new technologies, and the logistics industry formed by the transformation of traditional businesses by new technologies. The third category is to promote the application of new technologies, cross-border integration or industrial differentiation of the formation of new industries.
The development of new industries is an important strategic initiative to realize the high-quality development of China's economy, especially in the current situation of the global economic recession trend is relatively obvious, the new industry can effectively meet the market demand, increase the effective supply, through the domestic demand to stabilize the domestic economy, and to further adjust the industrial structure, deepen the supply-side structural reforms, and at the same time, the new industry a major significance of the promotion of the government and the market to change the concept of the new industry.
The cultivation and development of new industries can help break through cross-border barriers and create a tolerant and open market environment for the market.
New industries mainly refer to the new links and activities derived and superimposed from the existing fields along with the upgrading and application of information technology. Its distinctive feature is the new technology and other elements involved in the process of production, to achieve integration and interaction with different industries, to promote industrial change and transformation. For example, under the epidemic, a series of online products and services such as online education, online office, online medical care, online housing and other online products and services based on the life and work 5G new infrastructure and digital Internet technology, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing technology to build smart logistics, smart transportation, smart agriculture and other new forms of industry.
Experiencing the stage of rapid economic growth, China's economic development has entered a "new normal", based on digital technology and information revolution of the new industry can help transform the mode of industrial development, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and contribute to the supply-side structural reform, while expanding the supply, to improve the matching of supply and demand, and to improve the allocation efficiency of resources and the social efficiency of the whole society. The allocation efficiency of resources and the productivity level of the whole society, which in turn helps traditional enterprises and industries to change and transform, and promotes the transformation of new and old kinetic energy for economic development.
The new model mainly refers to the market demand as the center, breaking the original vertical distribution of the industrial chain and value chain, and realizing the efficient combination of traditional industrial factors. The industrial model should be the rational allocation of resources under the current conditions of the most effective productivity, which determines the position of enterprises or economies in the industrial chain or global value chain in the process of market competition. Traditional industrial development mode is usually the production of homogeneous products, through the control of costs to increase the enterprise's revenue, this crude industrial development mode is usually difficult to obtain advantages in industrial competition or international competition, making the enterprise or industry at the bottom of the value chain, and big data and 3D printing technology, through the collection and analysis of consumer data, can be personalized design of the product, change the commodity Production mode, breaking the "law of two or eight" on the limitations of consumers' choice of goods, and at the same time help enterprises break through the dilemma of diminishing returns to scale, and change product production from "subtractive production" to "additive production", increasing their market share in the domestic market.
Therefore, the current industrial development has been gradually transformed from comparative advantage to competitive advantage, trade, political risks, coupled with the status quo of China's aging population, the low value-added industrial development model is not conducive to enhancing China's competitive advantage in international competition, the transformation of the global industrial system to the cooperative and alternative industries of the industrial system, has brought new opportunities for China in the fourth industrial revolution. At the node of the fourth industrial revolution, cultivating innovation-driven competitive industries is an important way to realize the reshaping of the global value chain, which can provide support and guarantee for China's high-quality industrial development.
Constraints on the "four new economies"
However, the development of China's "four new economies" is still facing some constraints.
One of them is the lack of talent training. The development of the "four new economies", technology is a key factor, the cultivation of professional and technical personnel plays a crucial role, and the talents it requires need to have received a professional and complete education, with professional knowledge and technology, able to promote scientific and technological innovation and development, but at present the structure of China's talent is unreasonable, homogeneous labor supply is abundant, but the lack of high-precision talents, high-tech talents, and the lack of high technology. There is a lack of high-precision talents, the supply of high-quality labor and professionals is insufficient, and the training and incentive system for innovative talents needs to be improved.
The second is the management mismatch. Although many places have already planned the blueprint for the development of the "four new economies" and carried out the construction of the "four new economies" in various industries, the traditional management mechanism and management mode have formed an obstacle to the promotion of the "four new economies". However, the traditional management mechanism and management mode have formed an obstacle to the promotion of the "four new economies". For example, the industry access management mechanism of substituting approval for management and favoring catalogs has created access restrictions for many of the four new industries and enterprises. The traditional mode of government departments relatively independent regulatory system, making horizontal information *** enjoyment difficult, and "four new economy" makes the industry from offline to expand online, the regulatory authorities of the market behavior of the regulatory difficulties, the market risk is constantly superimposed.
The third is the existence of capital bottlenecks. The "four new economy" is ultimately a new industry, its capital return cycle is longer, there is a greater risk, and therefore in some areas of capital investment enthusiasm is lower, there is a certain capital bottleneck. At this time, we need to fully mobilize the diversified capital market, the use of science and innovation board, the new three boards and other segments of the market, combined with bonds and other financial services to provide financial support for the relevant enterprises, mobilize the social idle funds, optimize the allocation of resources for the development of the "four new economy" to solve the problem of financing difficulties.
Policy Recommendations for the Four New Economies
The author puts forward the following recommendations for the future development of the Four New Economies:
Firstly, we should accurately grasp the reality of the environment. In the context of trade, political risks, international epidemics severe and complex, the world economic downturn, the unstable factors of the development environment at home and abroad increased significantly, so we must be prepared to deal with the complexity of the environmental changes in the long term, the focus of the development of the domestic market, expanding domestic demand, adjusting the structure of the investment, to stimulate the effective demand, to provide new impetus for the development of the economy, to enhance the quality of economic development.
Secondly, combining local resource endowment and industrial development planning, integrating new technologies, new business forms and new modes, seizing the opportunity of the "four new economies" to "reshuffle" cities and industries, reshaping business development modes and urban development modes, promoting the integration of new technologies and applications, and promoting the integration of new technologies and applications, and promoting the integration of new technologies and applications, and promoting the integration of new technologies and applications. We will also promote the integration of new technologies and applications, the integration of new industries with the optimization and upgrading of consumer demand, the integration of new business models with the transformation and upgrading of industries, and the integration of new models with the transformation of enterprises and urban development.
At the same time, transforming the thinking and approach of the government's economic work, establishing a fair and competitive market environment, fully mobilizing market vitality, and incentivizing innovation. An important positioning of the "four new economies" is the "market", the government spawned new industrial projects, is not conducive to mobilizing market vitality and enthusiasm, hindering the incentive of scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific research results. The government should actively create a relaxed market environment, give the market more space, and take the initiative to innovate the government management service mode according to the development characteristics of the "four new economies". At the same time, cooperation with universities and research institutions, to provide support and protection for the development of scientific and technological innovation, while opening up foreign science and technology channels, learning to introduce advanced technology from abroad, to improve the innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises, and deepen the integration of industry, academia and research.
Finally, the establishment of a diversified and effective market supervision system. The supervision of the "four new economies", if only rely on a single government regulatory system, on the one hand, will bring difficulties and work pressure to the relevant regulatory departments; on the other hand, incentives for market players, the establishment of a multi-faceted regulatory system, can make full use of the industry associations, enterprises, the media and other social forces, to maximize the effectiveness of the supervision. At the same time, the full use of Internet data, through big data analysis to establish a market supervision platform, is conducive to accurate supervision of the market, to enhance the degree of professionalism and efficiency of supervision, can effectively reduce market risks.