How much food "evaporates" each year in China? In which part of the loss?
0 1
Storage link
To answer this question, we should start from the beginning of the whole loss. Grain is afraid of rodents, pests, and mold, and these contribute to the waste of grain in the storage chain.
Where is grain typically stored? We described our grain reserve system in the second question, and in addition to being stored in grain silos, there is a large amount of grain stored in farmers' homes.
China's farmers' household stage storage of grain is about 250 billion kilograms per year, accounting for about half of the country's total grain production. Especially in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, the willingness to store grain is even stronger. Due to poor storage facilities, drying capacity is insufficient, the lack of technical guidance services, each year due to insect mold and rodent losses caused by the proportion of about 8%, accounting for the annual grain loss and waste of about 40 billion kilograms or more.
But with the development of society, China's regions also continue to implement scientific grain storage special action, teaching farmers scientific grain storage technology, the issuance of standardized small grain silos, improve the conditions of grain storage, in order to reduce the loss of grain after production.
That state storage will also cause food loss? The answer is of course, if stored in old warehouses, poor storage conditions and losses will also be large. For example, in 2013, the grain storage Lindian directly under the library "5-31" fire accident, then over fire grain 40,000 tons, the direct economic loss of 3.079 million yuan.
In addition, in the transportation process will also cause losses, most of the grain transportation using the traditional package grain transportation, that is, the basic use of sacks, plastic woven bags, in the storage link unpacking bulk storage, to the transfer and transportation links and then into the packaging form, so many times to move down the transfer of packages of grain in the loading and unloading, transportation, as well as the packaging of the left behind caused by the loss of the rate of as much as 5% or more.
But the wisdom of the people is always in the continuous problem solving. New China's first generation of grain people, climbed to the roof, end of the bird's nest, climbed the ground, blocking the rat hole, the rat to protect the grain, the mouth of the insect to take grain, in 1954 to create: no insects (moth), no mold (change), no rodent (pests), no finch (disturbances) of the "four grain silo". Today, the "four-in-one" grain storage is also constantly upgrading, the integrated use of mechanical ventilation, circular fumigation, electronic temperature measurement, grain cooling four technologies to keep food, minimize grain loss.
0 2
Processing link
"Eat too much care", will also cause food waste. Some data show that the current processing of food generally exceeds the national quality standards. Previously, rice processing after shelling simple cleaning on the line, but now consumers demand "bright", most of the rice will be polished, and even polished many times. The same amount of rice, the more polishing, the output of finished rice is less, both the loss of food nutrients and significantly reduce the yield.
The China Grain Industry Association Rice Branch has done calculations to 20% of the rice is processed into special rice, for example, China's annual loss of about 8 billion pounds of rice, the equivalent of nearly 10 million mu of paddy fields a year of production, more than 20 million people a year of rations. Data show that the loss rate of wheat processing link 1.96%, grain and oil processing link loss in more than 15 billion pounds.
0 3
Consumption
If storage and processing waste and our personal relationship is not so close, then the consumption of the link is closely related to each of us. Data show that Chinese people waste about 50 billion kilograms of food on the table each year, alone this number may not have much of a concept, let's do some simple math:
1, 2019 China's total grain output is 664 billion kilograms, 50 billion kilograms is close to one-tenth of the total output
2, statistics show that in 2019 China's various types of food The total area sown is 1740.95 million mu, the average mu yield is about 762 pounds (381 kilograms), then the waste of food is equivalent to 131.23 million mu of arable land
3, according to the previous calculation, each person consumes 0.72 kg of staple grains per day, and only wasted food are able to 200 million people to eat for a year
This huge number of people is even more alarming that we have to save food. How can we reduce waste in the consumption chain?
In Germany and Switzerland, if a person is caught wasting food, he or she will be reported to the relevant authorities and fined. Some places in China have also introduced laws and regulations to penalize waste. But saving food requires effort from all of us. For us personally, to do CD-ROM action, reasonable ordering, packing leftovers, it is the accumulation of a small step per person in order to reduce the waste of food.
Increased food production can never compensate for the huge black hole of food waste. Increasing production and reducing waste are the two legs of China's food security strategy, and food conservation and reduction runs through the entire process of food production and consumption. Reducing food waste is the most realistic and feasible, as well as the most economical and reasonable way to guarantee national food security.
References
1. cctv17 program "Chinese People's Rice Bowl"
2. "National Food Security Medium and Long-term Planning Outline (2008-2020)"
3. database of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), /
4. 200 billion yuan of food is wasted every year, and the industry calls for promoting green consumption. New Beijing News
5. Baidu Encyclopedia. Four no grain silo . Four-in-one grain storage
Editor-in-chief: Li Shasha
Author: Yang Xuan
Editor.