As of January 2014, Shandong Province has 2 sub-provincial cities (Jinan and Qingdao), 15 prefecture-level cities, and is divided into 137 county-level administrative districts, including 51 city districts, 28 county-level cities, and 58 counties, and into 1,869 township-level administrative districts, including 478 street offices, 1,113 towns, 271 townships, and 7 other township-level administrative districts.
Expanded Information
Shandong, named for its location east of the Taihang Mountains, is known as "Lu" for short, and its capital is Jinan. During the pre-Qin period, it belonged to the state of Qi and the state of Lu, so it was also known as Qilu.
Shandong is located on the coast of East China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the northern section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, making it the northernmost province in East China. The western part of the Huanghuaihai Plain, connecting the Central Plains, north-west and Hebei Province, bordering southwest and Henan Province, south and southeast of Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, respectively; the central part of the mountainous areas of Luzhong, the terrain is high and prominent, Taishan Mountain is the highest point of the whole territory; the eastern part of the Shandong Peninsula, stretching into the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea, the north of Bohai Strait and Liaodong Peninsula relative to the arch of the capital city, the eastern part of the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula, south-east of the Yellow Sea, looking east and south-east of the Yellow Sea. The southern islands of Japan.
Shandong is the birthplace of Confucian culture, the founder of Confucianism, Confucius of Qufu, Mencius of Zoucheng, as well as Mozi of Tengzhou, founder of Mohist thought, the military Sun Zi, etc., were born in present-day Shandong. Jiang Taigong established Qi in Linzi, accomplishing a large number of celebrities and aspirants such as Qi Huan Gong, Guan Zhong, Yan Ying, Bao Shuya, Sun Wu, Sun Bin, Zou Yan, and so on; Qi also created the world's first officially organized, privately hosted institution of higher learning - Jixia Academy.
Qilu culture has a lot of contributions and far-reaching influence on the formation and development of Chinese culture. Confucius, who was born in Qufu, the capital of Lu, pioneered Confucianism here, which became the cornerstone of China's social framework and values later. Chi (one of the ancestors of China), Confucius, and Mencius are all outstanding representatives of Qilu's multifaceted contribution to Chinese civilization.
There are many other small vassal states in Shandong, only in the "Zuo Zhuan" there are as many as 55 countries, of which the territory and influence of the greater Lai, Ju, Zou, Teng, Cao, etc., and they were later annexed by the Qi, Lu and other countries. In the Warring States period, Qi became one of the Seven Kingdoms; and most of Shandong today is owned by Qi and Lu. In 221 BC, Qi became the last vassal state to be annexed by Qin.
Shandong has been known as a "fertile land of thousands of miles", and in the early days it had developed agriculture and handicrafts, and was the economic center of China during the Qin and Han dynasties. Shandong's grain was constantly traveling westward along the Yellow River, supplying Guanzhong. It was an important source of the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty, and Linzi, Dingtao, and Kangfu were the three major textile centers of the country, from which a large number of exquisite textiles were constantly exported to the western regions.
Qin and the world, the world for 36 counties, which set up in Shandong Province, Qi County, East County, Xue County, Langxie County.
The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the world into thirteen prefectures, including Qing Prefecture in the north and Xu Prefecture and Yanzhou Prefecture in the south of Shandong. and to the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei and Western Jin Dynasty.
The period of the North and South Dynasties was characterized by frequent wars and economic devastation. During the Liu Song period, the state of Jizhou was added to the city of Licheng. Then into the Northern Wei Dynasty, changed the Jizhou Qizhou. Northern Wei died, belonging to the Northern Qi, and was soon merged by the Northern Zhou.
Shandong resumed development. At that time, it mainly belonged to Henan Province (south of Heji Province belonged to Henan Province, and north of it belonged to Hebei Province). During the Kaiyuan Tianbao period, millions of stones of corn were shipped to Guanzhong every year, and prices in Qing and Qi were still far lower than elsewhere in China. During the Tang Dynasty, the mirror damask of Yanzhou and the silk damask of Qingzhou were both famous for their exquisite weaving. In the late Tang Dynasty, the wars started again.
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