Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) and Fiber-to-the-Desktop (FTTD)
Intelligent Networks for Homes and Offices (Triple Play)
Beginning in the 90's, communications technology developed at a high speed, with mobile communications, satellite transmissions, and fiber optic communications, which evolved communications into high-speed, high-capacity, digital, and integrated multimedia services. Driven by ITU-T, various standards for fiber optic communications have been developed, such as PDH, SDH, DWDM, AN and B-ISDN. As a result, the United States first put forward the idea of establishing a national information superhighway: the National Information Infrastructure (NII), after which various countries have formulated plans and launched the global information technology construction plan (GII).In the 1970s, fiber-optic networks were mainly used for high-capacity business areas such as inner-city areas, and then developed to the out-of-city long-distance trunks in the 1980s, and then gradually extended in the direction of the subscribers in the 1990s, that is to say, the so-called FTTx applications. That is, fiber to the curb (FTTC), to the building (FTTB), fiber to the apartment (FTTA), and fiber to the home (FTTH). At present, there is also the use of cable to the home (such as: CABLE MODEM and ADSL technology) of the economic way, fiber to the home is from the trunk network to the cell, the user between the final access network stage of the use of fiber optics, voice, data, broadcasting and television, and all kinds of intelligent system functions of an access method, is conducive to the integration of the network functions and a variety of resources. Fiber to the home is being promoted around the world, Japan's highest penetration rate of fiber to the home, the user has reached 2.5 million households at the end of last year, is expected to reach 4 million at the end of this year. The United States from the end of 2004 began to force, as of March this year, line construction to cover 1.6 million users, the actual opening of the business close to 200,000 households. Leading the world with online games in South Korea, the same fiber-to-the-home to give high expectations, from 2003 onwards, South Korea's telecommunications operators have increased investment in fiber-to-the-home, from 2005 onwards, broadband investment in fiber-to-the-home to become the mainstream. The Korean government predicts that by 2010, the penetration rate of fiber-to-the-home households will reach 70%. Europe's Britain, Germany, Sweden and so on are accelerating the development of fiber to the home.
Because of the large diameter and numerical aperture of plastic optical fiber, than the copper transmission medium has a stronger bandwidth capacity. 8 copper wire propagation speed and capacity is equivalent to 2 plastic optical fiber. However, the price per ton of copper is as high as 20 ~ 300,000 yuan, and the price is rising year by year. While a plastic optical fiber with a diameter of 1 mm and a weight of 1 gram and a length of 1 meter is only $0.2~0.3. Triple play strategy in the three networks refers to the telecommunications network, radio and television networks, the Internet. With the advancement of the strategy, the plastic fiber optic this one line instead of the above three signal transmission, and transmission costs will be significantly reduced.
Fiber to the home represents the future of a national broadband, optical devices, fiber optic cables and other industries have a great role in promoting China's Ministry of Information Industry has begun to formulate the relevant standards for FTTH, experts predicted that the domestic FTTH market will be a full-scale start in 2006 and enter the period of large-scale construction, Beijing, Changsha, Wuhan has begun the FTTH pilot, such as Wuhan has built the first domestic pilot platform for fiber to the home, has been completed. Fiber to the home pilot platform, has been built and under construction of fiber to the home project nearly 10, the user scale of about 5,000 households, is expected in 2006-2007 users will reach 50,000 households. At present, there are 25 million broadband users in China, to 2007 will add 12 million users each year, if about 20% of the users using FTTH will form about 80 billion yuan of FTTH equipment market size, the annual operating income will reach more than 18 billion yuan. According to the Ministry of Information Industry, Telecommunications Research Institute of the Ministry of Information and forecasts, the next 5-10 years, the global market for fiber-optic access will grow rapidly, for fiber-to-the-home capital will grow from this year's $ 5 billion to $ 22.8 billion, of which the Asia-Pacific region's capital expenditures of 12 billion U.S. dollars. China and India will be the fastest-growing countries, and it is estimated that China's investment in fiber-to-the-home will account for 1/3 of the Asia-Pacific region.
In addition, a number of cities in China have put forward the goal of upgrading their telecom networks and accelerating the pace of fiber-to-the-home. Beijing Olympic Games Organizing Committee announced that before 2008 will invest 6.6 billion U.S. dollars in expanding and upgrading the telecommunications network, Shanghai also put forward by 2010 telecom revenue from more than 10 billion yuan to 43.5 billion yuan, coupled with China's backward facilities in the western part of the process of development will also accelerate the pace of informatization, which provide a realistic basis for the market space of the fiber-to-the-home.
Automotive applications
Modern cars with a variety of new features require fast and reliable transmission of larger amounts of data. Multimedia car means often have to be in a poor environment without interference transmission of video and audio and other signals, the international MOST standard and IDB standards require the use of plastic optical fiber. Plastic fiber optic automotive networks have already been used in higher grade cars and have stood the test of time. Such as: Daimler-Chrysler (Mercedes-Benz) "S-class" series and BMW's "BMW7" series. At present, there are about 16 models in Europe using plastic fiber optic communication system.
Some models in China are also considering the use of plastic fiber-optic communication systems. According to the marketing plan report of Faztec Optronics, a professional testing company, Polymer Optical Fiber has become the new mainstream in the development of automotive electronics components, and is currently used in in-vehicle communication and in-vehicle entertainment and audiovisual systems, such as in-vehicle TV, in-vehicle audio, in-vehicle lighting, and in-vehicle switching lines. are gradually changed to plastic optical fiber. With the global automotive industry with the trend of the times to adjust the interior changed to plastic optical fiber, it is estimated that by 2010, the global market size of automotive electronics will reach 150 billion U.S. dollars, the main market is still concentrated in Europe, North America, Japan and other regions, accounting for more than 80% of the proportion of the Chinese mainland is the most promising emerging markets, the compound annual growth rate of the past five years to maintain about 2 into.
Consumer electronics and sensors
Plastic optical fiber in the sensors, consumer electronics has obvious advantages, such as computers, video cameras, CD-ROM, DVD, VCD, TV, printers, scanners, disks and stereo systems. For example, China's DVD industry DVD annual output of about 30 million units, for DVD audio fiber optic patch cord plastic optical fiber demand for 30,000km, valued at 12 million yuan; such as processed into optical fiber cables, valued at 30 million yuan, such as processed into audio fiber optic patch cords, valued at 150 million yuan. Taking into account the main domestic plastic optical fiber processing into fiber optic cables or audio fiber patch cords exported to Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Europe and the United States and other countries and regions, plastic optical fiber in the domestic market demand in this regard, at least 100 million yuan.
Industrial control bus system
With the rapid development of computer and automatic control technology, industrial automation level to a new height. Industrial automation according to its characteristics and direction of use can be divided into process control automation, production-oriented and manufacturing automation and automated measurement systems (industrial measuring instruments). The establishment and development of these industrial automation systems have a *** with the same characteristics, that is, from the direct control system to the development of integrated control systems, and the development of such integrated control systems are based on a variety of industrial networks. Through these various industrial bus systems, a variety of industrial equipment constitutes a both decentralized and unified whole. For POF, industrial control bus systems are one of its most stable and largest markets. Through converters, POF can be connected to standard protocol interfaces such as RS232, RS422, 100Mbps Ethernet, and Token Networks, thus providing a stable and reliable communication line for high-speed transmission of industrial control signals and commands in harsh industrial manufacturing environments, and avoiding the dangers of communication interruptions due to electromagnetic interference with the use of fully-attached cable lines.
Lighting and solar energy use
Because of the unique advantages of plastic fiber optic lighting and other ways compared to the lighting, so it has been widely used in a variety of occasions, and in the continuous promotion. The current domestic applications and occasions are briefly described as follows:
(1) interior decoration
In the interior decoration, the use of side-illuminated optical fiber to form a rotating corridor lines, light uniformity, soft colors, giving a sense of harmony and happiness; reasonable use of fine-end light to create a romantic and warm atmosphere in the home, at home in their own home is also like a feeling of bathing in the bar. In the hotel hall, the installation of meteor fiber optic crystal chandelier, through a variety of colors and highlights of the changes, more gorgeous chic, giving people a refreshing feeling; in the KTV rooms and performing arts hall, the use of fiber optic end light, assembled into a pattern with artistic effect, but also the use of fiber optic end light ceiling, can simulate the effect of the starry night sky, bright and dark, so that people have unlimited space reverie.
(2) Water Lighting
Water features leave the lighting will lose the charming scenery. Ordinary lighting and bring danger to visitors to the hidden dangers, we visit the water features, usually can see the "Do not play in the water, be careful with electricity" and other words, no doubt to our visit to bring a little regret. As fiber optic lighting to achieve the separation of photoelectricity, with fiber optic lighting as a water feature embellishment, not only colorful and novel, and absolutely safe and reliable, it is the best match. Fiber optic lighting in addition to lighting for the water body, so that the water color is more colorful and moving, can also be used side light fiber optic to form the pool of the gallery line. So that the vertical color of the water and the horizontal contours of the pool, the formation of coordinated lines of beauty.
(3) urban architecture
In the lighting project, with side-lit fiber optic to form the building contour line is the most common application examples. Especially for a city's image of the building, with colorful lines to the building outline in the night looks more spectacular. At the same time, the optical fiber has a long service life and is a maintenance-free product, which greatly reduces the operating costs. In addition, you can change the light color of the fiber optic decorative lighting, so that the color of the building outline changes with the season or climate, giving people a humane feeling.
(4) landscaping
In landscaping, with the end of the light-emitting optical fiber for the pavilion lights, buried lights, so that the green space, the road in the lighting at the same time there are color changes.
(5) road lighting
In the landscape road, loaded with starry end light-emitting fiber optic, fiber-optic canals, more interesting to increase the landscape, while the meteor cable can be laid flat on the ground, people walk on it as in the color of the light floating, to the people who play endless reverie.
(6) cave lighting
Cave is a natural landscape, because it is not irradiated by sunlight, relying on lights to show its style. Variable light color and flexible fiber optic, the irregular rock and lakeshore more obvious that it has a use, so that the scenery of the cave is more fascinating. And the most important thing is to remove the unsafe hidden danger to the tourists.
(7) ancient buildings and cultural relics lighting
In the general light irradiation, due to the role of ultraviolet light, so that the book cultural relics, wooden structures and other buildings to accelerate aging. At the same time there is electricity will cause the danger of fire. And with fiber optic lighting, both safe and can achieve the desired artistic effect.
(8) flammable and explosive occasions
In the oil depot, mining and other dangerous occasions where fire is strictly prohibited. Application of various other lighting are open fire hazards. If you are not careful will cause a big trouble. From the safety point of view, because of the separation of light and electricity, fiber optic lighting should be an ideal lighting.
(9) the use of sunlight
In our common use of solar energy, are converted to heat or electricity, and fiber optics can be used directly to the use of sunlight, used to improve the lighting of the living room, for the dark basement, tunnels, the use of fiber optic lighting, so that never see the sunshine of the place to see the light again.
Military communications
In military communications, POF is being developed for high-speed transmission of a large number of third-party, confidential information, such as the use of POF lightweight, flexible and good, fast connection, suitable for the characteristics of the body-worn, for soldiers to wear lightweight computer systems, and can be inserted into the communications network to download, store, send, receive mission-critical information, and in the helmet Displayed in the helmet.