Adhere to the problem-oriented, make up the short board of training. Take the solution to the outstanding problems of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities as the focus of deepening the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, integrate it into the talent cultivation system, enrich the curriculum, innovate the teaching method, strengthen the teachers, improve the support, promote the close integration of teaching, scientific research, and practice, break through the weakness of talent cultivation, and enhance the students' innovation spirit, entrepreneurial awareness and innovation and entrepreneurial ability.
Adhering to the synergistic promotion, convergence of training synergy. Improve the institutional mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities as a support point to deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, gather the elements and resources of innovation and entrepreneurship education, unify the leadership, unity **** management, open cooperation, full participation, and the formation of a good ecological environment in which the whole society cares about and supports the education of innovation and entrepreneurship and the innovation and entrepreneurship of students.
(a) Improve the quality standard of talent cultivation.
Developing and implementing national standards for teaching quality of undergraduate professional categories, revising and implementing teaching standards for higher vocational colleges and universities and basic requirements for doctoral and master's degrees, clarifying the target requirements of innovation and entrepreneurship education for undergraduates, higher vocational colleges and universities, and postgraduates, and making innovation spirit, entrepreneurship awareness and innovation and entrepreneurship ability an important indicator for evaluating the quality of talent cultivation. Relevant departments, research institutes and industrial enterprises shall formulate and revise the evaluation standards for professional talents and refine the requirements for innovation and entrepreneurship quality and ability. Colleges and universities of different levels, types and regions should combine the positioning of school running, service orientation and the requirements of innovation and entrepreneurship education goals to formulate professional teaching quality standards and revise talent training programs.
(2) Innovative talent training mechanism.
Implementation of the annual report system of employment of college graduates and the supply and demand of talents in key industries, improve the early warning of disciplines and majors, exit management methods, and explore the establishment of a new mechanism of demand-oriented structure of disciplines and majors and entrepreneurship and employment-oriented structural adjustment of the type of personnel training, and to promote the cultivation of talents and economic and social development, and the demand for entrepreneurship and employment in a close connection. In-depth implementation of the series of "Excellence Program", science and education in the combination of collaborative education action plan, and other forms of innovation and entrepreneurship education experimental classes, to explore the establishment of new mechanisms for collaborative education between schools and universities, schools and enterprises, schools and localities, schools and institutes, as well as international cooperation, and to actively attract the social resources and high-quality educational resources from abroad to invest in the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents. Colleges and universities should open up the basic courses of similar disciplines and specialties under the first-level disciplines or professional categories, offer cross-curricula of interdisciplinary specialties, explore the establishment of a new mechanism for cross-cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents across faculties and departments, disciplines and specialties, and promote the transformation of talent cultivation from a single-type of disciplines and specialties to a multidisciplinary fusion-type.
(3) Improve the curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Colleges and universities should promote the organic integration of professional education and innovation and entrepreneurship education according to the positioning of talent cultivation and the requirements of innovation and entrepreneurship education goals, adjust the professional curriculum, tap and enrich the innovation and entrepreneurship education resources of all kinds of professional courses, and strengthen the innovation and entrepreneurship education during the process of imparting professional knowledge. Compulsory and elective courses on research methods, frontiers of disciplines, foundation of entrepreneurship, employment and entrepreneurship guidance, etc., shall be developed for all students, incorporated into credit management, and a cluster of specialized courses on innovation and entrepreneurship education shall be constructed that is progressive, organically connected, scientific and reasonable. All regions and colleges and universities shall accelerate the informatization construction of high-quality courses on innovation and entrepreneurship education, and launch a batch of online open courses such as catechism courses and open video courses with resources*** enjoyment. Establish an online open course learning certification and credit recognition system. Organize discipline leaders and excellent talents from industry and enterprises to jointly prepare key teaching materials for innovation and entrepreneurship education with scientific, advanced and applicable characteristics.
(4) Reform teaching methods and assessment methods.
Colleges and universities shall widely carry out inspirational, discussion-based and participatory teaching, expand the coverage of small-class teaching, promote teachers to integrate international cutting-edge academic development, latest research results and practical experience into classroom teaching, focus on cultivating students' critical and creative thinking, and stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship inspiration. Utilize big data technology to grasp the learning needs and patterns of different students, and provide richer and more diverse educational resources for students' independent learning. Reform the content and methods of examination and assessment, focusing on examining students' ability to analyze and solve problems by applying knowledge, exploring non-standard answer tests, and eliminating the accumulated shortcomings of "high scores and low ability".
(E) Strengthen the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Colleges and universities should strengthen the construction of professional laboratories, virtual simulation laboratories, entrepreneurship laboratories and training centers, and promote the experimental teaching platform **** enjoy. In principle, all regions and colleges and universities should open up their scientific and technological innovation resources to all students, and the openness should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of various research bases, key laboratories and science and technology parks. Encourage all regions and universities to make full use of all kinds of resources to build university science and technology parks, college students' entrepreneurship parks, business incubation bases and small and micro-enterprise entrepreneurship bases as entrepreneurship education and practice platforms, and build a number of college students' off-campus practical education bases, entrepreneurship demonstration bases, science and technology entrepreneurship internship bases, and vocational school training bases. It will improve the innovation and entrepreneurship training and teaching system at the national, local and university levels, y implement the innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students, expand its coverage, and promote the transformation of projects on the ground. It will hold the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition for College Students, run the National Skills Competition for Vocational Colleges and Universities, and support the organization of various kinds of thematic competitions in science and technology innovation, creative design and entrepreneurial planning. Support college students to set up innovation and entrepreneurship associations, entrepreneurship clubs and other societies, organize innovation and entrepreneurship lectures and forums, and carry out innovation and entrepreneurship practice.
(VI) Reform the teaching and school registration management system.
Colleges and universities shall set up reasonable credits for innovation and entrepreneurship, establish a system for accumulating and converting credits for innovation and entrepreneurship, explore the conversion of students' carrying out innovation experiments, publishing papers, obtaining patents, and starting their own businesses into credits, and recognize students' participation in activities such as research projects and project experiments as classroom learning. We will formulate an innovation and entrepreneurship training program for students who are willing and have potential, establish innovation and entrepreneurship files and transcripts, and objectively record and quantitatively evaluate students' innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Priority is given to supporting students involved in innovation and entrepreneurship to transfer to related majors. Implementing flexible academic system, relaxing the number of years of study for students, and allowing the adjustment of academic process and retention of academic status to take a break for innovation and entrepreneurship. Establish innovation and entrepreneurship scholarships, and set aside a certain percentage of the existing relevant merit assessment programs to recognize outstanding innovation and entrepreneurship students.
(VII) Strengthening Teachers' Teaching Capabilities in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education.
Regions and colleges and universities should clarify the responsibility of innovation and entrepreneurship education for all teachers, improve professional and technical job evaluation and performance assessment standards, and strengthen the assessment and evaluation of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Allocate and strengthen the innovation and entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship employment guidance full-time teacher team, and establish a regular assessment and elimination system. Famous scientists, successful entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and other outstanding talents from all walks of life will be hired to serve as lecturers or instructors of specialized courses and innovation and entrepreneurship courses, and management norms for part-time teachers will be formulated to form a talent pool of 10,000 outstanding innovation and entrepreneurship instructors nationwide. Improve the awareness and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship education of college teachers as an important content of pre-service training, curriculum rotation training, and backbone training, and establish a system for teachers of relevant majors and full-time teachers of innovation and entrepreneurship education to go to industry and enterprises for on-the-job training. Accelerate the improvement of the disposal of scientific and technological achievements of universities and income distribution mechanism, support teachers to external transfer, cooperative transformation, the value of shares, independent entrepreneurship and other forms of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and to encourage the leadership of students to innovation and entrepreneurship.
(VIII) Improvement of guidance services for student entrepreneurship.
Regions and universities should establish and improve specialized institutions for student entrepreneurship guidance services, so that "institutions, personnel, venues, funding" in place, the implementation of independent entrepreneurship students continued to help, full guidance, one-stop service. To improve the system of continuous information service, improve the function of the National Student Entrepreneurship Service Network, set up information service platforms at the local and university levels, provide students with real-time information on national policies and market trends, and do a good job of docking entrepreneurial projects, intellectual property rights trading and other services. All regions and relevant departments should actively implement entrepreneurship training policies for college students, develop entrepreneurship training courses suitable for students' characteristics, and build network training platforms. Colleges and universities are encouraged to prepare special training programs on their own, or jointly develop entrepreneurship training programs with qualified education and training institutions, industry associations, group organizations and enterprises. Regions and industry associations with the conditions should issue guidelines for entrepreneurship programs in response to regional needs and industry development, and guide college students to identify entrepreneurial opportunities and capture business opportunities.
(ix) Improve the financial support and policy guarantee system for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Regions and relevant departments should integrate and develop financial and social funds to support innovation and entrepreneurship activities of college students. Colleges and universities should optimize the structure of funding expenditure, multi-channel co-ordination of funds to support the teaching of innovation and entrepreneurship education, funding for student innovation and entrepreneurship projects. Colleges and universities under the ministries and commissions should use the basic scientific research operating expenses of the central universities in accordance with the regulations, and actively support the innovative scientific research work of the students who are both excellent in character and have strong potential for scientific research. The China Education Development Foundation has set up a reward fund for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education, which is used to reward units that contribute to innovation and entrepreneurship education. Social organizations, public welfare groups, enterprises and institutions and individuals are encouraged to set up venture funds for university students' entrepreneurship, provide financial support to independent entrepreneurial university students in various forms, and improve the effectiveness of the use of support funds. In-depth implementation of a new round of college student entrepreneurship leadership program, the implementation of various support policies and service measures, focusing on supporting college students to start businesses in emerging industries. The relevant departments should speed up the development of supportive policies in favor of Internet entrepreneurship.
Three, strengthen the organization and leadership
(a) improve the institutional mechanism.
Regions and colleges and universities should take the deepening of innovation and entrepreneurship education reform in colleges and universities as an important task of "what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate people" in a prominent position, and strengthen the guidance, management, supervision and evaluation, and promote the work of innovation and entrepreneurship education in local schools in a coordinated manner. Each region shall set up a steering committee of innovation and entrepreneurship education experts to carry out research, consultation, guidance and service of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. Universities should implement the main responsibility of innovation and entrepreneurship education, incorporate innovation and entrepreneurship education into the important agenda of reform and development, set up a leading group for innovation and entrepreneurship education with the president as the leader, the leader in charge of the university as the vice leader, and the person in charge of the relevant departments, and establish a working mechanism for innovation and entrepreneurship education led by the teaching department, with the student work, the Youth League Committee, and other departments taking charge of the work of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
(ii) Refine the implementation plan.
Regions and colleges and universities should take into account the actual development of the implementation plan to deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in local schools, and clarify the division of responsibility. The Ministry of Education colleges and universities need to report the implementation program to the Ministry of Education for the record, other colleges and universities need to report to the school where the provincial education department and the competent departments for the record, after the record to the community.
(C) strengthen supervision and implementation.
The education department should take the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship education as an important indicator for measuring the level of school running and assessing the leadership team, and incorporate it into the index system for evaluating the education and teaching of colleges and universities and the index system for evaluating the disciplines, and introduce third-party evaluation. The situation related to innovation and entrepreneurship education is included in the annual report on the quality of undergraduate, higher vocational and postgraduate teaching and the annual report on the quality of employment of graduates as the key content, and accept social supervision.