Bank credit risk management is the lifeline of commercial banks, but also the focus of financial prudential supervision. Lou Feipeng, a researcher at the Postal Savings Bank, pointed out that unstandardized credit management can lead to the borrower's risks can not be effectively grasped, for example, due to the inability to understand the borrower's financial situation in a timely manner, leading to the misappropriation of funds by the borrower, thereby triggering credit risk. At the same time, internal management is not strict, but also easy to cause operational risk.
The China Business News reporter interviewed a number of bankers to understand that the credit risk repeatedly "head", and the bank's willingness to manage after the loan is not strong, high cost of management after the loan is not unrelated. A joint-stock bank, Guangzhou Branch, said bluntly: "Banks, if each loan before, during and after the strict review, will affect the scale of lending, which is very contradictory, and even some bank employees in conjunction with the owner of the enterprise 'cheating' to get a loan."
Sword refers to the credit management is not prudent
Credit fund management has always been the focus of regulatory attention, and the cause of punishment is not limited to the credit management is not standardized, loan issuance is not prudent.
Recently, in conjunction with the special inspection of credit management, the local banking and insurance supervisory bureaus have issued a series of penalty announcements.
On October 27, the Banking and Insurance Supervision Bureau of the CBI in Ningbo disclosed 26 fines, involving 10 banks and the relevant person in charge of a total of 12.15 million yuan in fines, the use of loan funds to control the inappropriate, illegal issuance of project loans has become a frequent problem of the penalties in this time.
Of these, Ningbo Tongshang Bank was fined for failing to implement regulatory opinions, failing to approve connected transactions in accordance with regulatory requirements, weak employee behavioral control, illegal issuance of project loans, illegal inflow of personal loan funds into the real estate market and the futures market, lax control over the use of loan funds, irregularities in the source of deposits for bankers acceptance business, absorbing deposits through improper means and leading to distortion of the liquidity index, The company was fined a total of RMB 3.6 million for inflating deposits and loans and raising the financing cost of "three rural areas" in disguise.
On October 28, the CBIRC Zhejiang Supervision Bureau announced administrative penalty information, Zhejiang Fuyang Rural Commercial Bank was fined 1.75 million yuan, for reasons including: equity management is not in place, did not review and find the new investors and their related parties actual shareholding of more than 5%; credit business management and control of the serious lack of prudence; credit business management and control of the serious lack of prudence, the formation of a loan loss of large sums of money; employee behavioral management is not in place.
In fact, credit fund management has always been the focus of regulatory attention, and the subject matter of penalties is not limited to untruthful use of loans, non-compliance with loan payment management, irregular credit management, lack of control over the use of loan funds, and imprudent loan disbursement.
"Loan funds were misappropriated by the borrower, on the one hand, it is the bank for the use of funds management is not strict, did not effectively understand the purpose of the borrower loan. On the other hand, it is the borrower intentionally conceal or use deceptive means to obtain loans." Lou Feipeng told reporters.
Zhejiang Qiantang River Financial Training Institute invited researcher Li Gengnan analyzed to the reporter, the formation of credit risk can be traced mostly to the management of irregularities. The irregularities in different parts of credit management and different departments will form different sources of credit risk.
Li Gengnan pointed out that, in the pre-credit investigation, if the investigation is not in place, grasp the customer's creditworthiness is not sufficient, incomplete, not true, may be at the beginning of the loan to bury the risk of hidden trouble. The risk in this regard may be the customer creditworthiness itself is problematic, poor integrity leading to the final risk of reneging. It may also be a lack of understanding of the customer's production and operation, the customer's lack of real repayment ability and source, which ultimately leads to the customer's inability to repay. It may also be a lack of understanding of the true purpose of the customer's borrowing, which ultimately leads to misappropriation of the loan.
"At the loan origination stage, a lack of qualification may result in a customer obtaining a loan due to lax control of the loan conditions and a failure to strictly follow the credit approval process, including a lack of review of collateral guarantees. There may also be risks such as collateralized guarantees being fictitious and off-guaranteed after the loan has become risky; and there may also be moral risks such as impostor and borrower loans due to the lack of internal checks and balances mechanisms in place." Li Gengnan further analyzed.
"And in the post-loan tracking link, due to the post-loan investigation is not in place, there may be the use of the loan is illegally diverted into real estate and stock market, resulting in the final loan risk; may also be due to the deterioration of the financial situation of the borrowing enterprise and the guarantor failed to report in a timely manner, take measures to lead to the risk of failure to control in a timely manner or even be magnified. " Li Gengnan said.
After the loan management to be adjusted
Generally speaking, customer loans to the account, the bank's back-office technical departments will monitor in real time, but this monitoring is still negligent.
In fact, the high cost of post-loan monitoring and the lack of motivation is one of the difficulties in the post-loan management of banks. A bank public account manager told reporters frankly, the bank is, after all, the pursuit of loan scale, if too many restrictions on the loan, it will affect the scale of lending.
Li Gengnan also pointed out that, in addition to the credit links in the control is not strict, the reality of the type of trading activities, such as small and micro-enterprise transactions, making the use of funds tracking difficulties, especially for the withdrawal of funds after the destination is more difficult to track. In addition, there is also the case of account managers blindly expanding their business under the pressure of assessment and intentionally relaxing their control over the use of funds.
Generally speaking, the bank's back-office technical department will monitor the customer's loan in real time, but there are still oversights in this monitoring. A large state-owned bank compliance department told reporters, "Loan fund misappropriation has always been strictly prohibited by the bank, but large enterprises will be through the pooling of funds to cover up the use of funds, the bank to monitor the real difficulty."
The aforementioned Guangdong branch of a joint-stock bank interviewed also mentioned that the bank for the credit-type small and micro-enterprise loan post-loan management, there is also a certain degree of difficulty, the account manager's energy is limited, can only be monitored through the big data, the implementation of the more difficult.
And in the retail consumer loans, the bank's audit of the use of loan funds is tightened, the process will focus on the use of loan funds. For example, in lending as well as signing the audit, clearly emphasize the loan use prohibited matters, customers need to provide proof of consumption, etc.. Banks will also conduct self-checks on loans that have been issued.
A state-owned bank credit card center line research manager said: "At present, can only require large consumer loan users to provide consumer vouchers to prove the real use of borrowed funds. For personal business loans, generally through entrusted payment (funds directly to suppliers) to circumvent the flow of funds into the stock market."
Talking about how to strengthen credit risk management, Wu Wen, a senior researcher at the Bank of Communications (601328.SH) Financial Research Center, suggested that banks can operate in two ways. On the one hand, they can improve the ability to identify high-quality customers as well as improve risk prevention and control through technological empowerment on the basis of accumulated big data; on the other hand, banks have to do a good job of risk warning in advance and keep an eye on key industries.
In the view of Cong Yong, a researcher at Beijing Zhongzhi Research Institute of International Studies, banks' risk management mechanism needs to strengthen three lines of defense. That is, to perform the corresponding duties in a comprehensive and in-depth manner; to fully interpret the requirements of regulatory policies and keep up with the industry's best practices; to use advanced technological means, as well as to formulate customer labels according to different customer classifications, and to utilize Big Data + Artificial Intelligence technology, and to establish cooperative relationships with the industry's outstanding enterprises in financial technology, so as to promptly obtain the latest information on the customer's assets and business information, and so on, and to effectively constrain the risk of credit management.