Controlling the cost in the design stage also fully embodies the idea of prior control. The following are the main points I shared with you in the design stage of project cost management. Welcome to read and browse.
Necessity of controlling project cost in design stage
The design stage is the most critical stage of the combination of technology and economy.
The process of construction project is divided into six stages: investment decision-making stage, engineering design stage, bidding stage, engineering implementation stage, completion acceptance stage and post-evaluation stage. The first two stages are the most easily overlooked, but the design stage is the most important part of the whole process. Why?
The focus of investment decision-making stage is market research.
The main cost work in the investment decision-making stage is to prepare investment estimates. In fact, it is impossible to accurately determine the total cost of the construction project through investment estimation because the project mode and specific construction environment conditions are not clear.
There is a saying that is not rough? Money is not saved, but earned? I think this sentence is most suitable for the investment decision-making stage, so rational investors or owners should focus on the market at this stage and do a good job in market research and user analysis in order to create the best construction products for the market and get the best return on investment. Of course, this stage does not mean that we don't pay attention to the cost, but because the estimation is inaccurate, so it is better to make a dynamic preparation at this stage.
Design the molding model to lay the foundation for accurate evaluation.
After the investment decision is made, the project enters the engineering design stage, which is the key link to deal with the relationship between technology and economy. The design unit shall, according to the requirements of the design task power of attorney of the owner unit and the provisions of the design contract, strive to control the budgetary estimate within the entrusted design investment. Because there is already a molding model at this stage, various construction technologies and techniques can be basically determined and the construction period can be clearly defined. At the same time, the site environment can be investigated in detail at this stage, so the actual cost can be obtained accurately at the design stage. The design stage naturally becomes the most important link to determine the investment cost.
Controlling the cost in the design stage also fully embodies the idea of prior control.
Careful management in the design stage can solve most problems in the later stage, so the quality of design indirectly affects the final investment. According to statistics, among many causes of engineering quality accidents, design responsibility accounts for 38%, ranking first. Many building products have unreasonable function settings due to the lack of optimized design, which affects their normal use; Some design drawings are of poor quality, and various professional designs are contradictory, resulting in construction rework and shutdown, while others cause quality defects and potential safety hazards, which bring huge losses to the country and people and huge consumption of investment. At present, some owners often lower the design fee in order to catch up with the cycle. The cost control in the design stage is not good, and the scheme budget and design budget do not meet or meet the requirements, and the quality is not high. Therefore, it is difficult to control the cost in the construction stage.
Statistics show the importance of cost control in the design stage.
Many engineers think that the construction stage is an important stage of project cost control. Let's take a look at the results of professional statistics: the possibility of saving investment by cost control in the design stage is 88%, while the possibility of saving investment after construction is only 12%. In general, the cost of engineering design only accounts for less than 1% of the whole life cycle of a construction project (including the project cost and recurrent expenditure after project delivery), but the cost within 1% has an impact on the total project investment of more than 75%. These data further illustrate the importance of doing well the cost work in the design stage.
It can be seen that the key link of the whole process cost control must be placed in the design stage, which is not only related to the investment in the design stage itself, but also has important practical significance for the whole project cost control.
Problems existing in cost control in design stage at present
Main existing problems
Design is out of touch with technical and economic personnel.
For a long time, there has been a phenomenon in the field of engineering construction that engineering design is not close to technology and economy, or even out of touch. Designers and budget estimators lack the necessary communication and coordination. Designers believe that as long as the design is done according to the design requirements, they do not pay attention to technology and economy. However, the budgetary estimate personnel do not understand the situation of the project site and do not consider all kinds of external factors in place. At the same time, due to the lack of necessary communication with designers, sometimes their understanding of design documents is not accurate, which will make the prepared budget documents deviate from the design intent and do not conform to the actual situation on site, thus causing serious problems in the project cost control in the design stage and leaving hidden dangers for the future project cost control.
The connection between design and construction is disjointed.
Design and construction are closely linked. When designing, engineering designers often only pay attention to the requirements of design indexes, codes and regulations, but ignore the actual situation on site and rarely consider the problems in construction. Now, with the continuous development of building technology, many new processes and technologies have emerged. If the construction method or technology is not considered, the implementation of the design scheme will conflict with the construction technology or technology, which will lead to many changes in the construction stage, the continuous revision of the design scheme and the continuous increase and decrease of the engineering quantity.
Insufficient design experience, too conservative design.
Many times, due to safety or other factors, designers are too conservative in design, and the engineering quantity generally adopts a high limit value, or the expansion coefficient is better than the original engineering quantity. By increasing the engineering quantity, the safety is improved and the design risk is reduced. There are many similar ones? Use more steel bars and less brains? This phenomenon invisibly increases the investment, which is not conducive to the cost control in the construction stage and causes a lot of unnecessary losses.
The design fee collection mechanism is unreasonable, which raises the estimated cost.
At present, the current design fee standard is controlled by the estimated fee quota, which makes the design unit increase the engineering quantity and expand the project scale as much as possible in order to increase the operating income without violating the design requirements. This will greatly increase the estimated investment, break through the investment limit, and bring great difficulties to cost control.
The quality of budget personnel is uneven, and the environment of data collection site is not well understood.
The technical level and professional quality of budgetary personnel are also very important, so it is necessary to collect a lot of information to understand the construction site. However, many budget personnel do not pay attention to this, the collected data are not comprehensive and reliable, and they have no in-depth understanding of the construction site. Sometimes they just blindly follow the designer's statement, which brings great uncertainty to the cost preparation. Such a budget document can not reflect the actual situation, can not effectively compare design schemes, can not achieve the purpose of optimizing design, and can not conduct reasonable economic analysis. Therefore, cost control can only stop at words and become a mere formality.
Do a good job in project cost control and management in the design stage.
Standardized design mode
In the engineering design stage, the unification of technology and economy is the first step to determine and control the engineering cost reasonably. We should oppose the tendency of one-sided emphasis on economy and neglect of reasonable technical requirements, so that the project can not achieve its engineering function; At the same time, we should oppose the tendency of attaching importance to technology over economy, conservative and wasteful design, and divorced from national conditions.
Take necessary measures to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of designers, engineers and economic personnel, make them cooperate closely, strictly follow the investment estimation stipulated in the design task book, and make efforts to reduce and control the project cost by using technical and economic comparison. In the design process, engineers and economic personnel should analyze and compare the project cost in time, feedback information and actively influence the design.
Improve design standards and standard design awareness
Design is a comprehensive arrangement for the implementation of the proposed project technically and economically, and it is also a process of planning the construction project. Adopting excellent design standards and specifications for design is conducive to reducing investment and shortening the construction period.
Economically using value engineering to optimize design scheme
Value engineering, also known as value analysis, uses collective wisdom and organized activities to analyze the functions of products, so that the necessary functions of products can be realized reliably with low total investment, thus improving the value of products.
The same construction project, the same single project and unit project can have different design schemes and different cost. Therefore, it is of great significance to actively use value engineering and optimize the scheme to control the cost.
In the design stage, the application of value engineering to control the cost does not mean that the lower the project cost, the better, but a comprehensive analysis of the function and cost of the project. The value coefficient is the comprehensive embodiment of function and cost. Therefore, the application of value engineering can not only improve the function of the project, but also reduce the cost of the project, reduce the cost of the project under the condition of ensuring the same function of the project, and improve the function of the system under the same cost.
In a word, it is the requirement of value engineering and the requirement of project cost control itself to meet the necessary functional costs and eliminate unnecessary project costs. Although value engineering is still in its infancy in China, a large number of facts have proved that the application of value engineering in engineering design can control the engineering cost and improve the engineering quality. Value? There is much to be done.
Vigorously promote quota design and strictly control the scale of investment.
The so-called quota design is to control the preliminary design according to the approved design task book and investment estimate, and control the construction drawing design according to the approved total budget estimate of the preliminary design. Moreover, under the premise of ensuring the use function, all majors control unreasonable changes in technical design and construction design according to the allocated investment limit to ensure that the total investment limit is not broken.
Investment decomposition and engineering quantity control are effective ways and main methods to implement quota design. The quota design is to decompose the investment and engineering quantity approved in the previous stage into various sub-projects, then into various unit projects, and finally into partial sub-projects Limit design is to control and manage the investment limit step by step through layer design and strict audit.
Designers must strengthen the concept of economy and pay special attention to the factors that have a significant impact on investment in the whole design process. It is necessary to check the project cost of this major regularly, and change the phenomenon that the budget estimate is not known until the design is completed in the current design work. Will you draw it? Been thinking about it? Write a line and invest in Qian Qian? .
Extreme design is not blindly considering saving investment, nor is it simply cutting investment. But with an attitude of respecting science and reality. The reasonable determination of design standards, scale and principles, and the reasonable selection of basic data of budget estimate reflect the organic combination of investment control and management through layer-by-layer quota design.
Designers and budget personnel need to work closely together to continuously optimize the design scheme from both technical and economic aspects.
Designers should improve their professional quality and understanding of engineering projects. Engineering design can't just stay on the drawings, and any engineering design must be built without economy. The advantages and disadvantages of the design scheme are not only reflected in the technical aspects, but also in the feasibility and rationality of the technology. Therefore, designers must communicate with budget personnel in the design process. Compare and scrutinize the design scheme with a scientific attitude and method, and constantly optimize the design scheme based on the principles of safety, economy and applicability, so as to make the scheme technically and economically reasonable and feasible.
Know the site environment in advance to match the technical scheme with the construction scheme.
Because of its particularity, the construction project is greatly influenced by external environmental factors, and the construction is more complicated. Every project is different, and different design schemes have great influence on the selection of construction schemes. Therefore, in the design stage, the site must be investigated in detail, and the potential construction units involved in the project should be invited to consider various factors affecting the construction and design as much as possible. In addition to the technical requirements of the design scheme, the feasibility of the implementation of the construction scheme should also be considered in combination with the site conditions, so as to avoid that the design scheme is constantly changed during the construction stage due to poor consideration of the design scheme, which leads to the project cost being difficult to control and predict during the construction stage and causing huge losses.
Strictly control design changes and effectively control project investment.
After all, the preliminary design is limited by external conditions, such as engineering geology, the supply of equipment and materials, the change of material purchase and supply price, and the limitation of people's subjective understanding, which often leads to local changes in the design stage of construction drawings and even in the construction process, thus leading to changes in the confirmed cost, but this normal change is allowed within a certain range.
Major changes involving construction scale, product scheme, technological process or design scheme should be strictly controlled and audited. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of design changes and establish corresponding systems to prevent unreasonable design changes from increasing project cost. In the process of construction drawing design, it is necessary to overcome the disconnection between technology and economy, strengthen the joint review, review and proofreading of drawings, and expose the problems before construction as much as possible. Major design changes that affect the project cost should be settled first and then changed, so as to effectively control the project cost.
Attach great importance to the role of design supervision
Practice has proved that design supervision plays an obvious role in controlling project investment, but in practice, it is still common to attach importance to construction supervision and ignore design supervision. In fact, design supervision plays an important role in the investment, schedule and quality control of engineering projects, especially in controlling engineering investment. Therefore, in the design process, we should vigorously promote the design supervision system, conduct comprehensive and dynamic supervision and management of the design process, ensure the quality of design links, reduce mistakes in the design process, reduce investment waste, and ensure that the construction investment is within the controllable range.
Reform the way of collecting design fees.
At present, the design fee is mainly determined according to a certain proportion of the investment, and other factors are only adjusted according to the coefficient, which makes the design unit not seek the safest and most effective solution to the engineering problem, regardless of the engineering cost, but mainly focus on the economic benefits, so the engineering quantity and total investment will continue to increase, which completely violates the intention of controlling investment and is not conducive to controlling investment.
Therefore, we should change the charging method of design fees, adopt market-oriented standards to reasonably evaluate the design work content, and let designers actively consider whether the design scheme is safe and reliable, whether the economic scheme is reasonable and whether the construction technology is feasible. This comprehensive design consideration has greatly improved the cost control work from the source, which is conducive to controlling costs and improving the design level and quality.
Strengthen the construction of relevant legislation.
The socialist market economy is a legal economy. People's Republic of China (PRC) Construction Law, Contract Law and Bidding Law were promulgated one after another. The Ministry of Construction and the State Planning Commission promulgated the Regulations on Engineering Construction Supervision as early as 1995, and various provinces and cities immediately formulated and promulgated some specific implementation measures, which played an important role in maintaining the order of the construction market, ensuring the engineering quality and improving the investment efficiency. However, at present, there is still no "Engineering Design Law" in China, and there is a lack of laws and regulations to effectively stop the inferior engineering design that causes waste. If we supervise the design stage in the form of laws and regulations, it will undoubtedly promote the improvement of the quality level of the whole design industry.
Reform related government functions
At present, the standardization and management of engineering design quality by relevant government departments in China are very weak. Generally, when the construction unit wins the bid, the relevant departments need to review the construction drawings. This kind of review is limited by the energy of the personnel in this government department, and it is difficult to achieve the depth and breadth it should have. But also passive time control, which generally has little effect on investment control. Can we learn from the practice of some local quality supervision stations, that is, quality inspection stations no longer directly face the construction site, but implement it? Quality inspection station? Supervision company? Construction unit? Such a chain operation.
Introducing competition mechanism and vigorously promoting engineering design bidding
Under the condition of socialist market economy, the competition is increasingly fierce, and bidding is adopted for construction projects from design to construction. Design units must rely on good reputation and excellent design quality if they want to beat their opponents in the fierce market competition and make themselves invincible. Therefore, in order to develop, enterprises must establish a competitive mechanism. Moreover, internal competition and external competition should be unified, with internal competition as the condition for enterprises to win in external competition and external competition as the driving force to promote internal competition. Externally, it is mainly to establish the consciousness of rejuvenating enterprises through quality, improve quality and provide good service. Internally, it is mainly to enhance the sense of crisis and urgency of designers and overcome the one-sidedness and limitations of scheme selection. Designers should be encouraged to emancipate their minds, explore new ideas, stimulate creative inspiration, and make the design scheme with good function, low cost, high benefit and reasonable technical economy stand out.
Bidding for engineering design is to select a designer with strong strength, strong technical force, high design quality, reasonable engineering cost and low design cost from a number of designers with engineering design ability. Through bidding for engineering design, engineering designers get design tasks through competition, which requires them to comprehensively optimize engineering design from quality to cost and come up with the best design to compete with other competitors. This can not only save design cost, but also improve design quality and reduce engineering cost.
Make full use of big data cloud computing project information analysis and mining system
Project cost management involves a wide range, heavy workload, complex projects, different standards, insufficient funds and personnel, unsatisfactory work and many other reasons. , which makes the relevant system of project cost data accumulation imperfect, leads to the lack of favorable reference for the preparation of design budget estimate, and causes serious distortion of quotation.
With the popularization of computer network in the design industry, construction economic personnel can carry out cross-regional and inter-provincial technical exchanges, information exchange and comprehensive understanding of the construction market through the Internet. Industry authorities can also provide engineering information, indicators, laws and regulations, materials and equipment prices and other information databases for design units and employees through various channels to supervise the tangible market and rely on scientific and technological progress to develop efficient and high-quality ways.
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