With the rapid development of Internet technology, sensor technology and artificial intelligence technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology also came into being, IoT technology can play an important role in all kinds of change in the field, to liberate productivity, improve efficiency and promote large-scale production and other aspects of the contribution of the field, especially in the field of agriculture is very promising. The realization of intelligent agriculture, we must rely on the Internet of Things technology as the basis for the wisdom of the platform as the core, based on market demand, to build the production organization of intelligent, product quality traceability, market management network as one of the industrial system.
The Internet of Things is a short-range self-organizing network based on intelligent sensors, radio frequency identification, laser scanners, global positioning systems, remote sensing and other information sensor devices and systems and other things - things based on the mode of communication, according to the agreed protocols in the items connected to the Internet, information exchange and communication, in order to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of a huge intelligent network. It is the extended application and network extension of the communication network and the Internet, mainly to realize the information interaction between people and things, things and things.
Two, the Internet of Things four-layer model
At the information level, data and information through the generation, transmission, processing and application of the four phases, corresponding to the Internet of Things perception and identification layer, network construction layer, data processing layer and comprehensive application layer. Perception recognition layer is to utilize perception technology and intelligent equipment to perceive and recognize the physical world. The network construction layer is to build various types of networks to transmit information according to specific communication protocols in order to realize IoT-Net interconnection. The data processing layer maximizes the production efficiency of information through a series of operations such as preprocessing, computational storage and data mining of data sampled from the network layer by means of big data and artificial intelligence technologies. The comprehensive application layer is an application system that integrates various types of technologies to realize real-time control, precise management and scientific decision-making, thus improving human production methods. Various types of technology to respond to different environments, different needs to work independently, and between the various levels is closely linked, as a chain of synergistic cooperation.
The perception layer, as the "nerve endings" of the Internet of Things, is mainly used to map all aspects of life and production into data information through information perception technology, and can be reliably transmitted to the network layer to realize the connection between the physical world and the information world. Information perception technology refers to the use of sensors, RFID, GPS and RS and other real-time field objects in the agricultural field of information collection and acquisition. Wireless sensors can be used in the agricultural production site to collect parameters such as temperature and humidity, light, dissolved oxygen concentration and crop growth, video monitoring equipment is used to obtain the current status of crop growth, and remote sensing technology is used to perceive crop surface and environmental factors on a large scale. Information perception layer as the basis of the Internet of Things, access to a large amount of data information, information for further processing, processing, analysis and scientific decision-making and guidance of production and management to open the "binary" barrier.
Network layer to play a role in the perception layer and processing layer, is to fieldbus technology, wireless sensor network technology (WSN) and mobile communication technology to complement each other communication network will be connected to the sensing equipment "online". Information transmission technology can be divided into wired and wireless, short distance and long distance, they have their own characteristics, to deal with different environments, the use of different channels *** with the formation of an integrated network system in order to achieve a high degree of reliable information exchange and *** enjoy. Wireless sensor network has become the "main force" of agricultural information transmission, including sensor nodes, convergence nodes, task management nodes. A large number of micro-sensor nodes with independent processing capabilities are arranged in the monitoring area hop-by-hop transmission, and routed to the convergence node, and then arrived at the task management node through the Internet or satellite, and finally the user through the task management node to configure and manage the sensor network in order to realize the monitoring task release and data collection. Common wireless LAN technologies include Bluetooth, WIFI, ZigBee, and wireless wide area network technologies include LPWAN, NB-IOT, 4G and 5G, especially 5G, which aims at "Internet of Everything", will bring a "qualitative leap" in the efficiency of agricultural IOT data transmission. "
The processor will be able to handle all the layers of the data.
The processing layer is the "soul" of the agricultural Internet of Things, through the information processing technology of the perception layer of information collected by the storage and mining analysis to form a prediction and early warning, intelligent decision-making, optimization and control and disease diagnosis and other intelligent models, so that the agricultural production and operation of the scientific guidance. In the process of agricultural production and operation, data and information are generated by exponential explosion, which is not only large in volume, but also complex in structure, real-time, and high in relevance, and must be processed, stored and managed by big data technology in order to obtain more value from the massive data. Agricultural big data technology platform is a distributed massive data storage management, computing processing and analysis platform formed by the ecological software system supplemented by Hadoop architecture, MapReduce software model, and other components. Data mining refers to searching for hidden information relationships from massive data through algorithms, and the main means are artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision. As long as the hidden knowledge is acquired, it can help decision makers make reasonable and correct decisions and decisions.
The application layer is the "command room" of the agricultural Internet of Things. Mainly through the perception technology, transmission technology, processing technology and equipment for hardware and software integration, the formation of intelligent control, monitoring and decision-making, expert systems, logistics traceability and other applications. According to the production, operation and management of different needs, the development of a specific function of the application, the user through the web or mobile client applications to grasp the information in real time, issued precise control instructions. It can be said that advanced technology to play the maximum productivity of the equipment, integrated applications to change the way people work, in favor of making more scientific and rational decision-making.