Simple materialism is also called "simple materialism". A philosophical theory that explains the origin of the world with one or more specific material forms. The initial historical form of the development of materialism. It denies that the world was created by God, turns the origin of the world into one or several concrete material forms, and tries to find the unity of natural phenomena with infinite diversity.

2. Modern metaphysical materialism

Modern metaphysical materialism enriches and develops materialism on the basis of summarizing the achievements of natural science. However, it classifies matter as atoms in the sense of natural science, and thinks that atoms are the origin of the world, and the attributes of atoms are the attributes of matter, so it has limitations such as mechanism, metaphysics and idealistic historical view.

3. Modern dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism (that is, modern materialism) is the dialectics critically absorbed by Marx and Engels from the German classical philosophy-Hegel? The "reasonable core" and "basic core" of Feuerbach materialism are the basis of summarizing natural science, social science and thinking science. A systematic and scientific thinking form of logic theory.

Extended data:

Materialism is different from mechanical materialism and dialectical materialism. Mechanical materialism holds that the material world is made up of individuals, just like all kinds of mechanical parts make up a big machine, which will not change.

Dialectical materialism holds that the material world is always in motion and change, influencing and connecting with each other. Representative figures of mechanical materialism: Feuerbach, Heraclitus, Bacon and so on. Representatives of dialectical materialism: Marx, Engels, Lenin, etc.

consciousness

1. the origin of body consciousness: it is the expression of the long-term development of the material world (nature and society);

2. Physiological basis of consciousness: the formation of consciousness is a highly developed material system-the function of the human brain is the material organ of consciousness;

3. The content of consciousness: consciousness is the subjective image of the objective world;

Consciousness is an approximate and dynamic reflection of objective existence, and any consciousness is a projection of objective existence, and the prototype can be found from objective reality, that is, there is no reflection without reflection;

The content of consciousness is objective, the form is subjective, and consciousness is the organic unity of objective content and subjective form.

Materialist monism:

The world is diverse and unified. The unity of the world lies in its materiality, the unity of the material world and the unity of diversity.

The principle world is the material world, and the real unity of the world lies in its materiality.

Methodology recognizes that the origin of the world is matter, adheres to materialism and opposes idealism.

Principle of dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness;

1. The principle of dependence of consciousness on matter, which determines consciousness, that is, matter is primary and consciousness is secondary; And the origin and essential principle of consciousness.

2. The dynamic principle of consciousness to matter is also called the subjective dynamic principle.

He believes that matter determines consciousness, the world is essentially material, and exists objectively without relying on human consciousness, while consciousness is a philosophical view reflected by the existence of matter in the human brain.

Principle matter is primitive, consciousness is derived, and matter determines consciousness; Consciousness has a dynamic influence on matter.

Methodology insists on proceeding from reality, seeking truth from facts, making subjective accord with objective, and realizing the unity of subjective and objective concrete history; Attach importance to the role of consciousness, establish correct consciousness and overcome wrong consciousness.

The principle of universality and objectivity of law;

Principles and laws are universal, and everything follows the inherent laws of its movement, change and development; Law is objective, independent of human will, and can neither be created nor destroyed.

Methodology must follow the law and not violate it; People can give full play to their subjective initiative, and on the basis of understanding and grasping the law, transform the objective world according to the conditions and forms in which the law plays its role.

According to ontology, materialist Marxist philosophy is a scientific world outlook and methodology.

(1) The world is an objective material world. The existence and development of nature and society are objective; People's activities to transform nature and society should be based on their understanding of the objectivity of nature and society.

(2) Human consciousness is the reflection of objective existence; Consciousness can react to objective things, and different consciousness has different reactions to the development of objective things; The reflection of consciousness on objective things is restricted by many factors.

(3) People have subjective initiative, objective regularity and subjective initiative; For China, everything should proceed from reality and seek truth from facts; Understand the national conditions, based on national conditions.

(4) The relationship between matter and consciousness is the basic problem of philosophy; Starting from reality is the fundamental foothold for people to correctly understand and effectively transform the world; For China, starting from reality, we should build socialism with China characteristics.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-materialism