The package of actions immediately triggered a strong social response. Why did Zhejiang propose "Double Strong Action"? What are the development status and trends reflected in the top ten cases of "Double Strong Action" released at the meeting? Next, how will Zhejiang lay out this great change to improve agricultural production efficiency?
Seek benefits from efficiency
There are few mountains in Zhejiang, and the resource endowment of "seven mountains, one water and two fields" has always been the biggest shackle of agricultural development. In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, Zhejiang has never given up the continuous adjustment of production methods, with only one purpose: to improve quality, reduce costs, let farmers earn money, and thus enhance agricultural competitiveness.
Longyou county, located in the mountainous area, is very typical. In recent years, due to the lack of labor, services, technology and market, the cost of growing grain is high and the production efficiency is low. How to enhance the confidence of small farmers in growing grain? Zhejiang Hong Zhuan Grain and Oil Professional Cooperative came in handy, serving more than 20,000 farmers in mountainous areas with agricultural machinery. Dong, chairman of the cooperative, told the reporter that for small farmers, they mainly provide three services: "single item+whole process" agricultural machinery services; "Agricultural Machinery+Agricultural Technology" production system services; "Processing+Sales" service chain. In short, their respective functions are: first, to make it easy to grow grain; Secondly, ensure the "rice bag" through high yield and high efficiency; Third, ensure that farmers' "money bags" swell up because of the increase in income.
It is understood that there are currently more than 50 sets of various types of agricultural machinery in cooperatives/KLOC-0. In addition to serving his own 5,600 mu of fertile land, Dong Hong also provided "eight unification" social services for surrounding farmers, such as seedling raising, machine ploughing, machine transplanting, plant protection, machine harvesting, drying, processing and sales. Farmers can choose single, multiple or full service according to their own needs. "In recent years, we have also explored high-yield and high-efficiency technologies such as' double-season rice factory substrate seedling raising', five-season rice reform and intensive cultivation, screened out rice varieties suitable for agricultural machinery operation, and adopted a series of new machines and technologies combining agricultural machinery with technology." Dong said that at present, cooperatives have promoted new varieties and technologies by more than 6,543.8+0.5 million mu, achieving an average yield increase of more than 654.38+0.5%.
Speaking of back-end processing and sales services, cooperatives call them "grain banks". According to the principle of "voluntary grain storage, free grain retrieval, guaranteed price reduction and price increase", farmers can deposit rice in the company, exchange it for rice with "grain passbook" or settle cash at market price. If there is surplus grain, the company can also carry out unified brand sales through "stores+e-commerce". At present, the company's annual sales of "Hong Zhuan" brand series rice 1.5 million tons, and the average income of farmers per mu 1.000 yuan.
Zhejiang's agricultural industries are numerous and diverse, and they are known for their benefits. In the process of agricultural modernization, social service organizations such as "red professional grain and oil" have played a decisive role. Through the service mode of "machine substitution", small farmers can enjoy high-quality and efficient mechanized services without large investment. Although the level of agricultural mechanization in Zhejiang has a certain foundation, there are currently 5.4 million agricultural laborers in the province, less than one tenth of the permanent population, and the number of this group is still declining. Faced with the realistic torture of "who will plant the land", "Double Strong Action" came into being. This time, Zhejiang has taken precautions to solve the problem of aging agricultural population and continue to seek benefits from efficiency.
The staff of the fishery comprehensive service center in Guanzhong Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province are operating the intelligent fishery Internet of Things system.
Digitization station "c bit"
What will the future agricultural factory look like? In Shui Mu Vegetable Factory in Deqing County, you can catch a glimpse of the future. It is understood that it was built by the agricultural team of Tsinghua University, and it is the first vegetable factory with independent intellectual property rights in China. Relying on the data accumulation of tomato life cycle growth for many years, continuous production can be realized throughout the year. From the outside, it seems to be no different from ordinary multi-span glass greenhouses, but the difference lies in various sensors. With the help of accurate crop environment and information, there are the most suitable controllable microclimate areas, as well as recyclable irrigation systems and visualization systems. Several data are quite convincing: the water consumption per kilogram of tomatoes has dropped from 160 to 8 liters, and the fertilizer has been reduced by more than half; The picking period was increased from 60 days to 365 days, and the average yield per mu was 30 times higher than that of traditional agriculture, and the average yield per mu reached more than 300,000 yuan.
Similarly, the "future pig farm" built by Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd. adopts the closed-loop digital intelligence of the whole pig chain, based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology, and realizes intelligent pig raising through intelligent environmental control, automatic feeding, unattended, remote monitoring, automatic manure cleaning and air purification. Through the intelligent control of "Pocket Animal Husbandry APP", only three employees can raise 1 000 pigs, which is only one tenth of the past, and the feed conversion rate can also be increased by 10%.
After watching the vegetables and pigs, my eyes moved to the fish pond. Inland culture of marine fish and shrimp has always been a "long-standing problem", but in Hengze Fishery Demonstration Base in Renhe Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, high-quality marine shrimp is cultivated in several ponds, with an yield of 5 million yuan per mu. Zhang said, chairman of Hengze Fishery, that this self-developed microecological balance system in the inland sea completely simulates the marine environment, cultivates fungi, provides algae nutrition through fungi transformation, and provides plankton food after algae photosynthesis, so that fish and shrimp have food security, and the excrement of fish and shrimp and the carcasses of plankton can be decomposed by bacteria to form a complete food chain.
In this "fish factory" covering an area of more than 3,000 square meters, LED fill light makes fish and shrimp feel as comfortable as the sea, and there is also a "personal bodyguard". Underwater robots can monitor health data and water quality in real time. In this way, the incidence of "fish factory" can be effectively reduced by 90%. Moreover, fish and shrimp farming is divided into three stages: "primary school, middle school and university", and each link has data traceability files. Up to now, this model has helped the surrounding farmers to increase their income by120,000 yuan, realizing the combination of agriculture and agriculture and getting rich.
The reporter found that in the top ten practical cases of "Double Strong Action" announced by Zhejiang at this meeting, digital reform led smart agriculture to become the absolute "C position". In the field, in addition to the traditional "agricultural iron army", more and more sensors are playing a vital role, although they are invisible. Data has become new agricultural materials, and mobile phones have become new agricultural tools.
"Hero Post" Recruits Talents to Break through Barriers
Although the "digital reform drama" of Zhejiang agricultural machinery has been unveiled, there is still a long way to go compared with foreign new technologies and processes. In order to solve the "bottleneck" link in practical production and application and benchmark foreign advanced technology, this time, Zhejiang announced 9 "leading soldiers" and 14 "leading geese" research projects. The reporter saw that in the list of "top soldiers", there are riding rice field ditcher, tea garden self-propelled intertillage fertilizing machine, tuber dry grain harvester, beach shellfish harvester and so on. , and the maximum scientific research subsidy for each project is 6.5438+million yuan; The tackling period of the "Leading Goose" project can be extended to three years, and intelligent equipment has become a bright spot. The maximum subsidy for each project is 5 million yuan.
The reason for publishing the list is to publish "hero posts" and wait for universities and agricultural machinery enterprises to announce the list. It is understood that this time, led by Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, nine scientific research institutes, including Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, China Rice Research Institute and Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, formed a "three rural nine parties" science and technology alliance to promote scientific and technological innovation and transformation and application. At the same time, many scientific research institutes in Zhejiang have also established R&D and promotion alliances for agricultural machinery equipment innovation with many well-known agricultural machinery enterprises in the province, with the first batch of 45 members. "In the past, we cooperated more with the central scientific research units. Now the participating entities of alliance units are more extensive, and the goal of innovation and transformation will be further extended to rural areas. " Chen, director of the Science and Education Department of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that next, the "three rural nine parties" science and technology alliance will focus on practical and detailed technical support issues in a project-based way and do a good job in "patching" agricultural innovation and development.
It is worth noting that at this conference, Zhejiang put forward four key traction indicators, namely: agricultural labor productivity, average agricultural output per mu, annual income of farmers, and comprehensive mechanization rate of crop planting. In particular, how to promote agricultural modernization in 26 counties in mountainous areas, Zhejiang stressed that it is necessary to speed up the research and development of small agricultural machinery with low manufacturing cost, high efficiency and long service life, and strengthen social services so that farmers can save money, effort and worry. Judging from the departments attending the meeting that day, in addition to the mutual adaptation of agricultural production links and the mutual cooperation of government and Industry-University-Research, at the level of provincial government departments, the Agriculture and Rural Department, the Economic and Information Department, the Science and Technology Department, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Big Data Bureau and other departments will also empower each other to jointly promote this "Double Strong Action" in Zhejiang Province.
Source: Farmers Daily