Since we put forward the concepts of smart earth and smart city, we have been thinking about what makes cities different from previous cities. It is undeniable that today's city managers, with the help of information technology, have unimaginable abilities in the past, making our city more intelligent. From the perspective of science and technology, there are three important driving factors. The first is the Internet of Things (instrumentalization), which allows us to collect raw data from all aspects of the city through sensors and on-site collection equipment; Second, interconnection, data transmission and * * * sharing through the Internet; The third is intelligence. Through data mining and analysis, urban managers can make better decisions and implement them. These three factors give the city a new way of operation and new wisdom.
At present, the construction of smart cities is in full swing, and China also faces some challenges in the process of construction, which are embodied in the following aspects: First, it lacks long-term effective planning and stable and sustainable development ideas. Lack of effective planning for the overall work of informatization in local areas has led to some redundant construction. The city lacks its own characteristics, and its execution faces many shortcomings. Second, the phenomenon of information island is more serious, and the informatization construction of various departments and industries is scattered, which makes it impossible to better connect the information data system and play a comprehensive effect. Third, the city informatization lacks a complete and unified standard system, and the informatization standards formulated by different departments and organizations are uncoordinated. Fourth, there is a lack of suitable investment operation management mode. For a long time, we have paid attention to construction, neglected utilization and operation, and lacked characteristic construction and operation modes suitable for different types of cities.
Smart cities should have comprehensive strategic planning, build intelligent operation centers, tap and utilize industry solutions, and build IT infrastructure.
Through evaluation, city managers can quickly find "hot spots" or problems that need to be solved urgently, so as to quickly launch a journey of smart cities. Combining the above challenges and problems, we need to focus on the following five aspects.
First of all, the construction of smart cities should have a comprehensive and integrated strategy and architecture planning. "Urban construction, planning first", planning has been highly valued by governments at all levels, and it is generally believed that becoming a smart city is a long process, not an overnight event. Good planning is not a mere formality, but can focus on the city's own advantages, and at the same time, based on scientific methods, make a detailed analysis of the current situation and development goals, formulate a specific road map, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the project, make timely adjustments and optimizations, and lay the foundation for the next planning, so that the result can be controlled. In order to build and optimize the framework of urban informatization, we need to analyze and model the city from multiple angles and levels. For example, study what data needs to be collected actively, how to allocate resources more reasonably and improve the operation efficiency of the city. Smart city planning has different approaches to the development of different cities, including the transformation and upgrading of smart functions in the old city, the construction of new areas, and the regional planning of special cities represented by industrial parks. Planning can be based on a city, a region and a functional department in the six core systems of modern cities (people, commerce, transportation, communication, water and energy).
The second is to build an intelligent operation center of the city. Usually, key information is often buried in different systems of independent departments of various urban institutions, and it is difficult for urban managers to obtain a clear view needed for management and to coordinate the work of various institutions as a whole. Without a unified view of events, accidents or potential crises, it is impossible to share information quickly, provide urban services continuously, protect citizens and promote future economic growth. Page, face, sheet and edition
IBM's Intelligent Operations Center (IOC) integrates repeatable best practices in different cities around the world, provides integrated data virtualization, real-time collaboration and in-depth analysis, helps urban institutions to prepare for solving potential problems, coordinates and manages crisis response and handling, and continuously improves the operational efficiency of cities. One of its advantages is that it can make full use of cross-institutional and cross-departmental information to help city leaders make wise decisions; The second is to foresee problems and minimize the impact of abnormal terminals on urban services and operations; The third is to coordinate cross-agency resources and provide emergency response quickly and effectively.
The third is to fully tap and utilize industry solutions. Smart cities involve many fields. For example, when it comes to intelligent transportation, how to optimize the use of existing transportation resources to effectively "flow" people and things. We not only need traffic lights to control the traffic at intersections to ensure safety, but also need to master the data of traffic density and speed on roads, optimize the traffic flow of sections or regions, and improve the traffic capacity of roads. This is one of the core goals when the concept of "Intelligent Transportation" came into being. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) refers to various application systems that use sensing, communication and information processing technologies to improve transportation efficiency and safety. Based on the three "I" mentioned above, a complete intelligent transportation application system needs to include three parts: first, various data acquisition devices, which may be coils or cameras installed on the roadside, microwave detectors, etc. , or satellite positioning equipment installed on vehicles and ships, or mobile terminals such as IC cards and mobile phones, or even charging system data; The second is to transmit the data of the collection point to the communication network of the management control center; The third is to integrate and analyze the data to make it an intelligent information processing and service system for traffic business. The first two parts belong to the infrastructure of intelligent transportation, and the third part, information processing and analysis, is the core of transforming data into wisdom and the key to realizing the "wisdom" of intelligent transportation.
For example, when it comes to smart public security. First of all, the public security organs need to use advanced data acquisition methods to collect information from all aspects, and provide accurate situation awareness through these new technologies. Secondly, public security organs need to use advanced mathematical models and computer simulations to study the laws and characteristics of public security incidents and gain insight into the possibility of incidents. Finally, many emergencies are intrinsically related and need to be handled by multiple departments. Public security organs need to respond quickly to these emergencies and cooperate effectively with various departments. All these demands need intelligent urban public safety solutions, which can be further subdivided and explored, including urban emergency command solutions, intelligent video surveillance solutions, crime prediction and prevention solutions and so on.
The fourth is to build the IT infrastructure of smart cities. The key technical support of smart city is data center.
It can not only support the intelligent function of the city, but also support the urban industry. From business support to business driving to business innovation, data centers, especially intelligent cloud data center and cloud management platform, have become the development direction of data centers. In this case, data processing needs an optimization system based on cloud computing mode to realize large-scale data mining and analysis.
At present, different data centers may be at different stages of development, so it is necessary to build a brand-new data center. IT is also necessary to tap the potential of existing data centers and optimize the IT cost structure. Or need to introduce new technologies and management models such as cloud computing; Or trying to make the data center more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Intelligent data centers should have cloud computing capabilities, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, active monitoring and management, and continuous improvement.
Finally, investment operation management. From the perspective of investment, the investment in smart cities is huge, so how to balance and make decisions on many projects? You can think more about the investment subject, the operation subject and the income model. For the government, in addition to self-construction, we can also consider BOT mode, that is, let enterprises invest in advance and the government will buy back after the project is completed. And consider the way to pay the funds by installments, such as using IBM's financial leasing, to reduce the financial pressure and tilt the financial leverage.
In order to achieve better social and economic benefits, we can make more use of the power of the market to operate and maintain.
For example, in addition to outsourcing, you can also consider management services such as IBM. Management services are between self-built and comprehensive outsourcing, that is, selective outsourcing and trusteeship, which do not involve the transfer of personnel and assets, and can make use of good methods, tools, skills and professional knowledge in the informatization construction of various industries. In short, it is to attract social capital and market forces to invest in the construction of smart cities on the premise of ensuring the efficiency of capital utilization and safe operation.
Now, residents have more and more expectations for the city where they live. They hope to live a high-quality life, participate in public discourse, and be insightful by the managers of the city of hope. It is not easy to meet these expectations, which requires urban managers to complete profound thinking changes and systematically understand the internal relations between different urban systems from a more integrated perspective.