The characteristics of big data do not include the wide range of application areas.

The characteristics of big data are as follows:

(1) Large volume of data (Volume): the starting unit of measurement for big data is PB (1024TB), EB (1024PB, about 1 million TB) or ZB (1024EB, about 1 billion TB), and in the future it will even reach YB (1024ZB) or BB (1024YB).

(2) Data Variety: There are many types of big data, including various structured, semi-structured and unstructured data such as web logs, audio, video, pictures, geographic location and so on. Structured data refers to the data stored in the database, which can be expressed with the realization of two-dimensional table structure; unstructured data refers to the data structure is irregular or incomplete, there is no predefined data, including all formats of office documents, text, pictures, reports, images, audio information, video information and so on.

(3) low value density (Value): the high and low value density of big data is inversely proportional to the size of the total amount of data. Take video as an example, in continuous uninterrupted monitoring, useful data may be only one or two seconds. Raw, fragmented, complex and varied data, and even data noise and contamination of the data need to go through the value of "purification" in order to derive information, access to knowledge.

(4) data generation and processing speed (Velocity): big data intelligence and real-time requirements are increasingly high, the processing speed also has very strict requirements, generally in the second time frame to give the results of the analysis, beyond the time data may lose value, that is, the processing of big data in line with the "law of 1 second! "