What should I do if I can't find my direction and destination when I am away from home? Check the electronic map in your mobile phone immediately! Perhaps, you will respond like this. However, do you know where this information related to "location" comes from?
20 13 February, the State Council issued a notice and decided to carry out the first national geographic survey from 20 13 to 20 15. Relevant work in Hangzhou started immediately. Recently, the first batch of information data collection and production of water, agricultural land, artificial area, urban construction area, green rate, green coverage rate and public facilities such as education, health, medical care, culture and sports were completed, and it is planned to be published in the form of a white paper.
According to industry insiders, once these geographical and national data are fully applied, their role is by no means limited to the location. In the future, it will play an important role in optimizing urban layout, opening smart life, preventing and reducing disasters, and refining urban management. Even commercial big data such as Taobao will be dwarfed.
What kind of big data is it?
Insight into the geographical elements around you
Miss Zhang, a citizen who has just moved into Building 27 of Harmony New Village in Hangzhou, is going to attend a party in a restaurant located in the historical block of Dadou Road. Being unfamiliar with the road conditions, she obtained the recommended driving route through the "Baidu Map" in her mobile phone, followed the map all the way and reached the agreed place smoothly.
At the same time, in Hangzhou Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau (Planning Bureau), as long as any staff member logs on the "Hangzhou Geographic Market Platform", a spatial plan very similar to Baidu map will appear between the same starting point and the same ending point. By careful comparison, we can find the difference between the two: the former is relatively concise in the presentation of geographical elements, while the latter is more detailed and richer in content.
"The base map of any commercial map comes from geospatial framework data," said the relevant person in charge of Hangzhou Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information. This is a huge database obtained by layering topographic map data of Hangzhou and image data composed of five layers of information such as roads, buildings, waters, greening and open spaces. The application of modern spatial information such as global navigation satellite positioning, space remote sensing and mapping technology ensures its high accuracy and authority.
Before it is made public, it will be decrypted according to surveying and mapping laws and regulations. While removing the geographical elements that must be kept secret, other geographical information needed by people for production, life and entertainment will be retained, and then it can be processed into various ordinary maps that adults see in their daily lives.
Even so, this seemingly tall database is only the basis of the whole geography and national census work.
According to reports, the census covers many geographical elements such as nature, humanities and economy, and needs the joint participation of all relevant functional departments. Among them, physical geography includes topography, vegetation coverage, water, desert and bare land. Human geography includes the distribution of transportation networks, towns and villages (streets) and facilities such as schools, hospitals, sports and culture, while economic geography includes the types and distribution of shops and enterprises.
Relevant UN documents show that 80% of the information obtained by human activities is related to geographical location. With the completion of the first batch of geographic country information data collection in Hangzhou, our daily life and living space are also being revealed by this increasingly huge geographic big data. For example, for a community's medical facilities, where is the nearest health station, which departments are there, and what medical services can be provided to residents, you can also quickly find the answer from the geospatial framework data.
Optimization, urban spatial layout
Nowadays, Taobao sellers are keen to promote their products to specific groups according to the taobao index published on the website. For some catering investors, choosing where to open a new restaurant is often made after referring to the dense points of take-away food delivery displayed by the intelligent catering system.
The same is true for the purpose of census geographic big data. It is understood that these massive data will eventually be integrated into the "Hangzhou Geographic Market Platform", relying on mature geospatial framework data to provide more targeted geographic information services for related work in the city.
The staff of the planning department first felt its "ability": "I often hear parents complain that there are too few primary schools around a certain community, and it is not easy for children to go to school. Is this really the case? You can use big data for analysis and judgment. "
Under the operation of the staff, the reporter saw a map of the primary school-age population and school-running situation from 7 to 12 in the street where the community is located. Population information comes from the results of the sixth national census. Different shades of green represent the distribution density of the population of this age group in different blocks, and white dots represent the number of existing primary schools in the street. The radiation radius of each primary school is bounded by 1000m and 500m, and it is divided into two circular blocks: light red and deep red.
"Where is the most concentrated primary school, where is the most dispersed? Whether their number and layout are compatible with population density and service scope is clear at a glance. " According to the staff of the planning department, there are 1 primary schools within 500 meters and 2 schools within 1 000 meters, which can basically meet the enrollment needs of the surrounding school-age population. In other plots where there are obviously few points, add more primary schools, and where is it more suitable to build them? Big data will also provide a relatively objective perspective.
The staff said that with the increasing shortage of new land in many big cities, how to optimize the existing stock space and carry out refined management on this basis has become a very concerned issue, and the application of geographic big data is particularly important at this time.
Not only that, more units and individuals began to share the results of geographic big data. It is understood that the Hangzhou Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau has docked with the Municipal Water Control Office, the Housing Authority, the City Investment Group, the Electric Power Bureau and other departments to timely apply the results of the geographical national census to their respective work.
Looking forward to all-round intelligent life
If one day, you receive such a short message while walking, reminding you that there is a major fire 500 meters ahead, and providing you with the most suitable travel route choice. Please don't be surprised, this will be a breakthrough in smart city management after making full use of geographic big data.
You won't be the only one who got the message. The security personnel in the intelligent building can call up the monitoring screen according to the warning system prompt of the fire direction and take emergency measures to close the corresponding fire shutter; Based on this, the fire department evaluates the fire brigade that can reach the fire scene with the fastest speed and quickly arranges the police force; The traffic control department also followed the sound to help evacuate the road traffic around the scene ... Behind this series of emergency disaster prevention mechanisms is a set of "Hangzhou City Information Modeling" called "CIM".
"This is a five-dimensional integrated data model that integrates time, information and three-dimensional space. It is not only an ideal model for geographic big data application, but also the prospect of smart cities. " The relevant person in charge of Hangzhou Surveying and Mapping and Geographic Information Bureau said. In addition to the intelligent management and emergency prevention of the city, it can also accurately simulate every space in the building and record its related information, such as space attributes such as area and function, as well as asset information such as rent, contract, decoration and report forms. It can also be applied to the construction and management of urban underground pipelines. For large-scale projects that need comprehensive coordination of multiple departments, the big data platform provided by it can also assist macro analysis and formulate more intuitive, comprehensive and thorough plans.
How to turn the prospect into reality? "It is the key to use unified geospatial data, break down information barriers and strengthen data flow and application." The person in charge told the reporter.
According to reports, with the establishment of geospatial framework data and the development of geographic national survey, various functional departments have established their own business application systems based on geospatial framework data, and input relevant data into a unified geographic information platform. However, these data are not updated in time, often because the relevant information has changed, but it has not been corrected at the same time in the corresponding spatial map, which leads to the asymmetry between the map and the current information.
On the other hand, the commercial terminal data of large enterprises, such as the combination of mobile phone positioning data, Taobao consumption data and geospatial framework data, can become unexpected information, providing services and decision support for all walks of life.
The person in charge said that they are actively exploring and broadening the access channels of geographic information, trying to connect with big data generation departments of mobile terminals such as Gaode Map, Ali, and provincial and municipal mobile companies, and customizing thematic data application topics according to government decision-making, departmental management and economic and social development needs to form more application examples.