Every advancement in human science is born on the basis of trial and error. The emergence of every new theory is the inheritance and development of its predecessors. Human trial and error in science, whether successful or not, is commendable.
Today's cutting-edge science in physics, string theory and M-theory, and grand unified theory, and dark matter dark energy research, all rely on the most important piece of scientific evidence, the discovery of the magnetic monopole. Unfortunately, from 1931 to the present, scientists have not been able to find a solution for the magnetic monopole. There is a huge controversy in the scientific community as to whether magnetic monopoles exist or not, and whether they need to be searched for or not.
In 1931, the British physicist Dirac in the Journal of the Royal Society published a paper entitled "quantization of the electromagnetic field anomaly", predicting the existence of magnetic monopoles and quantum theory is consistent. Dirac theoretically predicted, using mathematical physics formulas, that magnetic monopoles could exist independently. He argued that since electricity exists with a fundamental charge, the electron, magnetism should also exist with a fundamental charge, the magnetic monopole, so that the complete symmetry of electromagnetic phenomena could be guaranteed. He proposed the magnetic monopole as a new particle based on a rational derivation of electrodynamics and quantum mechanics. This was, of course, shocking.
Dirac had predicted the existence of the positron, which was later proved by scientific experiments. People were convinced by Dirac. In fact, the discovery of the positron is our scientist Zhao Zhongyao. Zhao Zhongyao first discovered the existence of positrons. He was the first scientist in the history of physics to discover antimatter. His observation of positive and negative electron annihilation radiation preceded by two years the positron trails later seen by Anderson. Zhao Zhongyao is the real Nobel Prize winner, but it is a pity that the West did not award this prize to the new Chinese scientists. The most important discovery of mankind is matter, antimatter, which is the key to unraveling the mysteries of the universe. Evaluated from the perspective of physics, the pattern is too small. Evaluated from the perspective of the laws of the universe, Zhao Zhongyao's contribution is no less than Einstein's, and this is something we should re-evaluate Mr. Zhao and his theories. This scientist has made great contributions to the new China, and the people of China will always miss him.
Magnetic monopoles refer to magnetic substances with only a single N- or S-pole, and the distribution of their magnetic susceptibility is similar to the distribution of electric field lines of a point charge. Magnetic monopole particles are a kind of "microscopic" one-pole magnetic flux superconducting energy particles, the existence of magnetic monopole particles must be "superconducting quantized" quantum leap magnetic poles linear "nano-linear". The existence of magnetic monopole particles must be "superconducting quantized" quantum leap magnetic poles linear "nano-linear" micro-energy particles, particles that exist and can be measured in a coherent linear combination of quantum leap "angular momentum". One by one, of course, this is all hypothetical.
A magnetic monopole particle, does it exist? Now suppose that a special energy field exists in a specific environment. Strictly speaking, it is only a material energy field associated with the particle's "source-excited" magnetic polaron escape, and the magnetic monopole particle does not have the characteristics of multiple magnetic poles. The existence of magnetic monopole particles can be inferred from the fact that dark matter is s-pole magnetic monopole particles and dark energy is N-pole magnetic monopole particles. The black holes and singularities known in the macroscopic cosmic environment belong to the macroscopic manifestation of single magnetic poles.
The basis of electromagnetism has charge, current and electric field, not magnetic charge and magnetic current, but only magnetic field. We can drive electrons to move by changing the magnetic field, but we can't move magnetic charges by changing the electric field, because magnetic charges don't exist. This is the asymmetry between electricity and magnetism. Thus, the equations for the electric field (E) and the magnetic field (B) in Maxwell's system of equations are different. From the equation ?B = 0 we know: magnetic monopoles do not exist.
Assuming that magnetic charge and magnetic current exist in nature, Maxwell's equations are symmetrical except for some differences in the fundamental constants. In terms of natural logic (symmetry between electricity and magnetism), magnetic monopoles should exist.
Symmetry and conservation are the most fundamental worldviews that physicists and mathematicians must have honed to see. Noether's theorem is the guiding light of 20th and 21st century physics, and is something that must be adhered to. One by one, however, should correctly understand Noether's theorem, the original hypothesis does not comply with Noether's theorem, hard to install in the head of Noether's theorem, that will have to go off the rails.
The magnetic monopole exists or does not exist, must be clarified, this is loyal to the spirit of scientific scientists.
Scientists envisioned that if magnetic monopoles could be found in colliders, they should have been created in the early universe.
Scientists looked forward to the stars and the moon, and finally looked for magnetic monopoles in the 1982 experiment. In Cabrera's lab, an 8-magneton signal was recorded once, which meant that a magnetic monopole had passed through a superconducting coil, and what an amazing discovery that was. Cabrera immediately like a chicken blood, the spirit of great, appropriate will ride the courage to chase the poor, Cabrera built a larger detector, but unfortunately let him very disappointed, and then never find a second magnetic monopole.
Scientists are scientists, this is a major problem involving the theory of physics, can not give up? The reason must be found, is it Cabrera's experiment that has gone awry? Or was there just such a unique magnetic monopole in the universe that happened to pass through his detector? There could be no third reason. His experiment had been proven neither wrong nor right. It could not be abandoned. There is a magnetic monopole and there will be a second magnetic monopole, one must persevere, and the scientist gritted his teeth, stuck to his ideals, and just searched for decades more.
If the magnetic monopole particle as the basic composition of matter, it is necessary to find its existence. Scientists of purely attractive particles and purely repulsive particles, made a wide range of probing, whenever the particle gas pedal to open up new energy zones or found new sources of matter, such as from the moon to take the rock, are to be re-examined for magnetic monopole particles. 1982, the use of superconducting quantum interference devices magnetometer detected an instance of magnetic monopole particles, but also did not find its existence.
There is an experiment at CERN called MoEDAL whose goal is to search for magnetic monopoles produced directly at the LHC. on December 29, 2017, the team published its latest results: more than six times more data were analyzed than previous experiments, and still no trace of a magnetic monopole was found.
On the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Electricity is inseparable from magnetism; magnetism is inseparable from electricity. The universe is full of electromagnetic waves, and they are the unity of electricity and magnetism.
The similarity between electricity and magnetism, charged bodies around the electric field, magnets around the magnetic field; the same kind of charge is repulsive, the same magnetic poles are also repulsive; heterogeneous charges are attracted to each other, the magnetic poles of the different names are also attracted to each other; changes in the electric field can be stimulated by the magnetic field, changes in the magnetic field can be stimulated by the electric field; the friction of the method of the object can be electrically charged, if a magnet with a pole in an iron bar rubbed in the same direction several times, but also to make the iron bar Magnetization. Faraday and Maxwell founded the "electromagnetic field theory of electromagnetism, magnetism, electricity".
The asymmetry between the two, in the macro, from the Earth, the moon, planets to stars, galaxies and extragalactic galaxies, and even the entire interstellar space, there are magnetic fields. Magnetic fields determine the origin, structure and evolution of celestial bodies. Electric fields play another role in cosmic space.
At the microscopic level, magnetism manifests itself as something more essential; we can constrain electricity with magnetism, but not magnetism with electricity (generating magnetism with electricity, such as an electromagnet, is another matter). In electrical phenomena, a charged body can be split into particles with separate positive and negative charges, and positive and negative charges can exist separately.
Whereas the poles of a magnet always appear in pairs, no matter how small a magnetic needle is divided, a small magnet always has two poles, and one has never found a separate pole - a magnetic monopole.
The experimental scientific worldview of physics cannot solve such a major cosmic problem. Human beings need two kinds of science to recognize the mysteries of the universe, one is natural science and the other is philosophical science, and one is indispensable for both. Natural science is like a small handyman who takes apart the parts of the universe, but does not know how to assemble them, does not know the principles involved, does not know the computer programming involved. This requires philosophical scientific theories. Every step taken by experimental science seems to prove the objectivity and regularity of Chinese philosophy, and the results of experimental science give strong evidence of the rationality of the existence of Chinese philosophical theories.
The Chinese philosophy that qi gives birth to everything, yin and yang change, and phasing is the fundamental law of the universe. Before the emergence of quantum mechanics, these profound laws of the universe were of course incomprehensible to human beings, and no matter what sages, including the sages who discovered these laws, all the explanations were one-sided, narrow and vague. Superstition arose as a result of the inability to understand them properly. Now we take quantum mechanics as evidence to decipher the regularity of Chinese philosophy, the science, and everything becomes clear.
The magnetic monopoles that scientists look for, whether they are gravitational magnetic monopole particles or repulsive magnetic monopole particles, do not exist in isolation. They are all in you, in me, in you, and behave as a group behavior, a group action.
From China's more than 10,000 years of gas generation of all things, nine thousand years of Jahu culture, such as A and B carved text performance of the I Ching hexagrams, to the emergence of contemporary quantum mechanics, mankind to explore the nature of the universe, tracking the evolution of the universe, and finally found the source of the universe, that is, the gravitomagnetic monopole particles and repulsive magnetic monopoly particles. These two particles inextricably fused together to form a unity of opposites in the movement of change, it is the origin of such a universe, creating the celestial material world.
"Tao Te Ching": everything negative Yin and hold Yang. There is no isolated Yin and isolated Yang.
According to the practice of quantum mechanics, the universe is a process of particle motion of matter. Matter movement is particle movement, the movement of particles. Such particles are N-magnetic pole particles and S-magnetic pole particles, which are gravity and repulsion.
How do gravity (S pole) and repulsion (N pole) exist? Gravity and repulsion exist in particles. Particles are carriers of gravitational and repulsive forces, which means that particles consist of particles of attraction and particles of centrifugal force.
The structure and nature of the composition of these two particles is as follows:
These two particles are tightly bound together. In the attractive particles, there are attractive particles and centrifugal particles. In centrifugal force particles, there are attractive particles and centrifugal force particles. There are no isolated attractive particles and isolated centrifugal force particles.
Attractive particles and centrifugal force particles, which exhibit mutual attraction, simultaneously exhibit mutual repulsion. Attractive particles, there are both particles and antiparticles. Centrifugal force particles, there are both particles and antiparticles. In all particles, both particles and antiparticles, there are attractive and centrifugal forces. The conclusion of this, is scientific and consistent with the results provided by quantum mechanics.
From the description of the structure and nature of the particles of attraction and centrifugal force particles, the birth and growth of any substance must meet these conditions:
A), the substance itself has two substances, yin and yang, or called positive and negative substances, which are both opposites and united, and which are the mechanism of mutual growth. Also known as gravitational and repulsive forces, or attractive and centrifugal forces.
B), the two substances, Yin and Yang, both gravitational force and repulsive force at the same time have matter, anti-matter, is the mechanism of mutual destruction. Mr. Zhao Zhongyao's discovery of anti-matter is an important contribution to mankind's understanding of the objective laws of the universe. Without the relationship between matter and antimatter, the entire universe could not have been born.
C), A, B two conditions interact with each other, constituting the basic law of the phases of everything, which is the whole mystery of the universe. The law of unity of contradictions comes from this law of change of particles. In other words, the law of the unity of contradictions, Chinese philosophy called yin and yang change, the carrier of the law of phases, is the attraction of particles and centrifugal force particles, that is, gravitational and repulsive force movement, is the general law of the universe.
1, the gravitational force and repulsive force particles, neither fermions nor bosons, it is an existence of existence. Gravity has no graviton, that is to say, no meson. Its special existence, its contradictory motion, creates fermions and bosons, creates the celestial material world. Magnetic monopole particles, which cannot exist on their own, are forever entangled, so there is no magnetic charge.
2, Gravity and repulsion are particles and have carriers. Gravitational and repulsive forces exist in all matter, from neutrinos, quarks, neutrons protons, atoms, molecules, all have south and north poles. Fermions and bosons, both have gravitational and repulsive forces. Right down to galaxies, nebulae, and planets, there are gravitational and repulsive forces in all matter in the universe. Gravitational and repulsive forces are everywhere. The entire world of celestial matter is a magnetic field. How can such particles be quantized?
The electron, on the other hand, is a quantum of particles that exists alone, and so has a charge, a current, and is able to be quantized.
3, attractive force and centrifugal force, vortex movement in the universe, manifested in the law of respiratory law of one inhalation and one exhalation, the collapse of the universe evolved into a black hole, the singularity, it is the attractive force (gravitational force) is at work, that is, the phenomenon of dark matter. The universe's singularity explosion expansion, is the centrifugal force (repulsion) at work, that is, the phenomenon of dark energy. This attractive field and centrifugal force field motion, a big data judgment analogy mechanism, the attractive field motion phase, which manifests itself as a contradictory motion of gravitational force and repulsive force, and the centrifugal force field motion phase, which likewise manifests itself as a contradictory motion of gravitational force and repulsive force, are unable to manifest themselves as individual behaviors of magnetic monopoles. These two big data behaviors cannot be explained as the individual existence of magnetic monopoles. Therefore, magnetic monopoles do not exist.
4, the reduction of such particles, human beings split to molecules, atoms, neutrons protons, quarks, neutrinos, but have not yet reduced to the source, and will continue to split. This partitioning will exceed the limits of human science. How small are the two particles? As small as infinitely infinite. Infinitely small particles are impossible to find, and such particles exist objectively. How can an infinitely small particle be quantized? Therefore, it is not quantum in the first place, so it cannot be quantized.
And the electron is a fermion, a particle, a quantum, capable of quantization.
5, the carrier of gravity and repulsion is all matter, all particles, all quanta. How big the carrier is, it is big. How small the carrier is, how small it is. So, it cannot be a quantum. It is a property of matter that is dependent on other particles quanta. It is not a quantum, it cannot be quantized. To require it by quantization is too strong to find it.
And the electron is a quantum, so the electron has an electric charge, and magnetism is not a quantum, there is no magnetic charge, of course, can not be quantized.
6, without matter there is no time or space. The universe does not have a prior free space to be filled by matter. The space between matter and matter is the space of existence between matter, gravity and repulsion, find a balance in the attraction and repulsion, there is such a gap place. This space is like the sun and the earth, the earth and the moon, contraction a little can not, expansion a little also can not, just this distance, this space, the sun and the earth, the earth and the moon to maintain balance movement. In between are gravitational and repulsive forces. Space is the mechanism of equilibrium between two objects. Space and time are the record and result of contraction and expansion of attractive and centrifugal forces.
Attractive and centrifugal forces existed when there was no space time, that is, before the singularity, before the universe had a big bang. Attraction and centrifugal force do not know anything about time and space, it has no concept of it. Attractive force and centrifugal force, there is no need for space and time, the speed of gravity and repulsive force is super-distance, there is no wave-particle two phenomenon, it can not be quantized at all.
Electron velocity, on the other hand, is photon velocity, can have a charge, and can be quantized. This is the difference between magnetism and electricity.
7, force generation, is the attraction between the attractive force and centrifugal force is born in mutual attraction, collision, transformation. It is in the process of the particles continue to be bigger and stronger that space emerges. It takes time to get bigger and stronger, and this is the concept of time. Fermions are variants of the attractive force and bosons are variants of the centrifugal force, forming the yin and yang of interaction. Fermions and bosons, at the same time, both have gravitational and repulsive forces. The particles keep getting bigger and stronger, and need a force to bind them, which is the boson, which interacts with the fermions to give rise to the weak force, the strong force, and the electromagnetic force. It's the spatial distance they appear at that the bosons have speed. And gravity has no velocity, it's the super-distance then exists. So gravity is not a boson and cannot be quantized.
8, and these three forces at the same time is the attraction and centrifugal force, that is, gravity and repulsion in different space-time performance is just. The electron is nothing more than a manifestation of the electromagnetic force. In the relationship between magnetism and electricity, magnetism is the parent and electricity is the child. Two magnetic monopoles mixed into a particle that creates the universe material world is electricity, electromagnetic field. These two particles create the universe, infinitely large and infinitely small, the expression of the magnetic field, and the electron is just a particle quantum, how can be compared with the magnetic pole particles!
Philosophical sciences and natural sciences, is the two major civilizations of mankind, there is no high and low points, advanced and backward points, *** with the civilization of mankind to support the building.
(The material in the article comes from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)