Scientific data is the basic data and information generated by the scientific and technological activities of the human society, as well as the data products and related information processed systematically according to different needs, with obvious potential value and developable value, and value added in the process of wide application, and it is the most basic, the most active, and the most influential scientific and technological information resource in the information age. Carrying out scientific data **** enjoyment is not only the urgent needs of contemporary scientific and technological innovation and development, but also an important basic support for the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy and society.
Meteorological scientific data has been listed as the first batch of pilot projects of the national scientific data ****sharing project because of its wide application needs and good business foundation. The following is a brief description of the progress and future development of meteorological scientific data***sharing in recent years.
First, the current situation of China's meteorological scientific data and the business support environment
In China, meteorological scientific data is one of the Earth's information resources with the longest history, the most complete preservation, and the strongest systematicity. China is highly valued by the international academic community due to its special geographic location and diversity of natural conditions, especially the unique condition of having rich humanistic records and natural records coexisting. Through years of construction and development, China's meteorological department has formed a combination of ground-based and air-based systems for detecting the atmosphere and its related environment. It includes conventional ground-based, high-altitude, radiation, acid rain, agrometeorological observation, atmospheric background observation stations and many other specialized observation station networks. In addition, we have established two long-term observatories, Zhongshan and the Great Wall, in the Antarctic.
At present, China is one of the few countries in the world that owns both polar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites. The two types of operational satellites make up for each other in time and space, and can continuously acquire massive atmospheric environmental information in all-weather and multiple spectra on a global scale. Relying on the construction of the FY-1 and FY-2 meteorological satellite application system projects, the China Meteorological Administration has set up the most complete satellite data receiving application system in China. It receives and saves data from FY-1, NOAA, FY-2, GMS, METEOSAT, EOS and many other domestic and foreign meteorological satellites and earth environment monitoring satellites.
Currently, China is deploying a new generation of weather radar monitoring network along the coastline and large rivers, streams, lakes and important inland cities, and the data it acquires will not only significantly improve the ability of short-term proximity weather forecasting, but also play an important role in the fields of ecological monitoring, aviation security and disaster prevention and mitigation.
In order to further improve China's dust storm monitoring and early warning capabilities, China's dust storm monitoring system in the existing 15 meteorological stations deployed soil moisture monitoring instruments, 20 stations deployed band solar photometer, 15 stations deployed atmospheric thermal infrared radiometer, 10 stations deployed atmospheric visibility instrument, 15 stations deployed to measure the quality concentration of atmospheric TSP and atmospheric dust instruments, 15 stations The installation of meteorological gradient observation towers, and so on. Quantitative monitoring of soil moisture, vegetation and boundary layer parameters in the subsurface that affect the occurrence and development of dust storms, as well as the physical and chemical properties of aerosols and their spatial distribution.
After a long period of accumulation, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) owns a large amount of climate system observation data which has been initially standardized. Currently, the data inventory has exceeded 100TB, and in the future, with the completion and operation of the new generation of Doppler weather radar, meteorological environmental satellites, and the new automatic observing station network, the annual data increment will be more than 200TB.
As a data***ent business support environment, CMA has a complete meteorological information network communication system, which is the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Meteorological Communication System (GTS) regional network. It is one of the regional centers of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) meteorological information network system (referred to as 9210), which has been put into operation, has constituted a real-time collection, transmission and distribution system of meteorological data and products at the national, provincial, local and county levels; and the Global Weather Communication System (GWCS) network managed by WMO and participated by countries around the world carries out the exchange of information and distribution of data and products of the global observatory network in a real-time manner.
The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) applies giant computer systems to process large amounts of meteorological data every day. The National Northern High Performance Computing Center is located in the National Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration, which owns domestic Shenwei, Galaxy, Dawning, and IBM, CRAY and other giant computers, and provides reliable hardware facilities for data **** enjoyment. At present, the construction of the national meteorological data storage and retrieval system and the construction of the ground application system of Fengyun 02 batch are being implemented, which can provide efficient business system and mass storage environment support for the collection, processing, storage and service of all kinds of meteorological data.
II. Progress of Meteorological Scientific Data*** Sharing and Operation Mechanism
As a member of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), China has extensive meteorological cooperation and exchange of meteorological data and products with the international community. We joined the Global Meteorological Communication System (GMCS) in 1980, and tens of thousands of meteorological reports are transmitted to countries all over the world every day, providing services for weather forecasting, disaster warning and operational scientific research all over the world. Meanwhile, in accordance with the spirit of WMO Resolution No. 40, China actively provides basic long-series historical data to participate in international exchange. We have established good collaborative relationships with data organizations in many countries around the world. Domestically, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has been transmitting meteorological data in real time to the General Staff, Air Division, Civil Aviation, Water Conservancy, Oceanography, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and other relevant departments and organizations through the co-located user terminals as early as in the 1980s. The meteorological satellite data we receive is also openly broadcast for all users.
In December 2001, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) issued the Measures for the Administration of Meteorological Data ****sharing, and began to implement the pilot work of meteorological scientific data ****sharing to provide public welfare ****sharing services for users in various fields through the network, media copying and other forms. In order to cooperate with the development of meteorological scientific data *** enjoyment and continuously enhance the service capacity of *** enjoyment, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the project of "Meteorological Data *** Enjoyment System Construction", which carries out research and development in three aspects, namely, data resources integration and integration, technical standard guarantee and *** enjoyment service platform; at the same time, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has integrated internal resources and opened the "Satellite Data *** Enjoyment System Construction", which is the most effective way to provide public service for users in various fields. At the same time, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has also integrated its internal resources and opened service platforms such as the "Satellite Data *** Enjoyment Service Website". Through more than two years of construction, it has completed the development of 13 categories***68 kinds of dataset products, such as ground, high altitude, marine vessels, satellite remote sensing, etc., with a total data volume of 740GB; organized and developed "Meteorological Scientific Data Classification Specification", "Meteorological Scientific Data Metadata standards", "meteorological scientific data metadata", "meteorological data *** enjoyment service implementation rules" and a number of urgently needed data standards and technical programs; initially built by a master node and 8 sub-nodes composed of distributed *** enjoyment service network, the total amount of data available for download on the Internet is more than 100GB, providing users with a variety of ways of online search and data retrieval, and the total amount of data reached 740GB. The total amount of data available for download on the Internet is more than 100GB, providing users with a variety of ways of online search and data download services.
Over the past three years, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has provided a large number of offline and online meteorological scientific data ****enjoyment services for public welfare users. According to statistics, from January 2002 to March 2004, the National Meteorological Archives for scientific research, government decision-making, the construction of major national projects, national defense and other areas of users to provide visiting services 627 people, providing a total of 430GB of data; *** enjoy the service site) visits more than 120,000 people, new registered users 218 units, online download data more than 500GB.
In order to ensure that meteorological scientific data **** to continue to carry out in-depth, the most important thing is to establish a set of conducive to **** to carry out the management of the operating mechanism. In the pilot practice of *** enjoyment, we have strengthened the *** enjoyment system mainly from the following three aspects.
Firstly, we have formulated the "Measures for the Management of Meteorological Data ****Hanging" to provide policy guidelines and implementation basis for the data ****Hanging.
The first step is to formulate the "Administrative Measures for the Management of Meteorological Data" to provide policy guidelines and implementation basis for the development of data ****sharing. The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has attached great importance to the formulation of sectoral policies in the preparatory stage of the pilot project of ***sharing. Based on the legal principles of the Meteorological Law and drawing on the relevant data exchange policies of WMO, the CMA has formulated and promulgated the "Measures for the Administration of Meteorological Data ***sharing", which not only provides a legal basis for meteorological data ***sharing, but also provides effective safeguards for the rapid commencement of the work and its continual and standardized implementation. The first step is to make sure that the data is available to the public.
Second, integrated planning, key breakthroughs, in accordance with the principle of classification to actively and steadily promote the work of *** enjoyment.
Meteorological scientific data are wide-ranging, diverse, and based on great differences. In order to rapidly carry out public welfare meteorological scientific data **** enjoyment services, it is necessary to face the urgent needs, based on the actual situation, and select the routine observation data and real-time satellite meteorological data that have a better foundation to provide services. At the same time, all efforts to organize the development of new data sets, to provide users with more and better meteorological scientific data products.
Third, strengthen the management, pay attention to the standard, the establishment of operational operation mechanism
In the development of *** enjoy the service, first of all, we must establish a strong organizational structure, clear responsibilities. At the beginning of the *** enjoyment start, China Meteorological Administration has clearly required all levels of data management units to carry out *** enjoyment services into the unit's annual work assessment objectives, data *** enjoyment work into the normal business procedures for standardized management, assessment and evaluation, to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of its work, to promote *** enjoyment of the work of the meteorological information system planning and construction of the linkage between the composition of a scientifically sound, fluent information system.
Third, to further promote the meteorological scientific data *** enjoyment of ideas
Although the meteorological scientific data *** enjoyment of the first step, has made certain achievements, but from the country and the community of meteorological scientific data *** enjoyment of the demand there is still a big gap, at present can provide *** enjoyment of the service is only a better basis for the part of the routine elements and real-time data, the overall benefits of meteorological scientific data is still far from being fully realized. The overall benefits of meteorological scientific data are still far from being fully realized. In order to further deepen the work of meteorological scientific data **** enjoyment, construct the whole field of meteorological scientific data **** enjoyment of the network system and continuous and stable operation mechanism, we need to promote scientific data **** enjoyment in a wider and deeper level, according to the overall requirements of scientific data **** enjoyment project and combined with the meteorological department development plan, the main in the future in the following four aspects of the make more solid efforts.
1, give full play to the benefits of modernization, and constantly enhance the level and capacity of *** enjoyment services, to provide more and better services for national development and social progress.
At present and in the next few years, the construction of meteorological modernization is a period of vigorous development, a variety of new observation and detection instruments and equipment will continue to be applied to the actual business, will inevitably produce a large number of high spatial and temporal resolution and has a very high scientific value of the data. These data are traditional meteorological elements and parameters, through the upgrading of instruments and equipment, observation accuracy and spatial and temporal density has been greatly improved; there is also a new category of ground - gas, water - gas and ecological environment, such as the climate system circles and the exchange of material and energy between each other various parameters. These data should not only be rapidly applied in meteorological operations and scientific research, but should also be processed through standardized treatment and processing to form standardized data products and provide ****enjoyment services to other fields and sectors in order to maximize the benefits of the national investment. Accelerating the construction of provincial-level high temporal and spatial density data development and ****enjoyment service network system to give full play to the overall data resource advantages of the meteorological department. This is an important task in the process of meteorological scientific data *** enjoyment.
2. Relying on scientific and technological progress, we will vigorously strengthen the integration of data resources and the rescue of historical information, and provide high-quality dataset products for the *** enjoyment of services.
Increase the integration of data resources, and constantly launch high-quality dataset products is the source of meteorological scientific data **** enjoy the continuation of the source. The first is to carry out the rescue work of precious historical data and satellite remote sensing archive data, and effectively protect and utilize historical data resources; the second is to strengthen the collation and development of paleoclimate data, and provide scientific data support for climate change research; the third is to carry out the integration of multi-source data integration and development of ground-based and space-based data, conventional and special observation data, and the integration of atmospheric and otherospheric data into the integrated analysis of the products; the fourth is to For key scientific issues and hotspot areas, carry out thematic data processing and analysis, and form a number of comprehensive data set products.
3. Driving the resource integration and effective allocation in the field of climate system by *** enjoyment, and constructing a service platform for climate system data *** enjoyment.
At the same time of carrying out extensive and in-depth scientific data **** enjoyment, data integration and **** enjoyment exchange in the meteorological industry will be taken as a breakthrough, and a networked and distributed data **** enjoyment system covering the field of the climate system will be constructed in a cross-sectoral, multi-disciplinary manner, forming a smooth exchange of data and information and **** use between sectors, fields and industries, thus leading to the optimization of various types of detection systems in the field of the climate system, Standardization and scientific rational layout and communication transmission and data management platform resources integration and integration, so that the national investment can play a maximum benefit, but also to promote the entire national informatization and modernization process to accelerate forward.
4, to carry out extensive exchanges and cooperation at home and abroad, and actively create a mechanism and atmosphere of openness and **** enjoyment of data resources.
In today's world, the cross-discipline, integration and penetration are becoming more and more obvious, and the exchange of information between different disciplines and fields has become more and more an urgent need. Similarly, the development of modern atmospheric science is increasingly focusing on the exploration and study of the interaction mechanisms of the five major circles of the climate system. In recent years, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has collaborated with the Seismological Bureau, Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, General Administration of Civil Aviation (GACA), and Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) on data exchange and ***sharing, and has also signed a series of agreements, including data resource ***sharing, with educational institutions such as Peking University, Qingdao Ocean University, and Yunnan University through the Bureau-School Collaboration, to promote the efficient flow and low-cost use of scientific data *** together. We have signed a series of agreements with Peking University, Qingdao Ocean University, Yunnan University and other educational institutions, including the sharing of data resources***, to jointly promote the efficient flow and low-cost use of scientific data. As a next step, we will further expand the field of cooperation in line with the principles of reciprocity, equality and mutual benefit, and widely carry out cooperation and *** construction between departments, institutions and agencies to form a mechanism for two-way and multi-directional circulation of data to promote the work in their respective fields. International cooperation and exchanges in the field of meteorology have been very close for a long time. At present, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has carried out meteorological scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges with more than 140 countries, signed meteorological scientific and technological cooperation agreements with more than 20 countries, and actively participated in the IPCC, WWW, WCRP, IGBP, and the IGBP. Program (IGBP), the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Program (IHDP), the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and other important international institutions and programs. In the future, we will adhere to the implementation of the open-door strategy, intensify our efforts to open up to the outside world, strengthen international cooperation and exchanges in scientific data development and management***, and accelerate the introduction and utilization of international data resources.
Fourth, a few suggestions
1, to increase support for scientific data *** enjoyment, to promote the scientific allocation and effective use of national resources.
In order to make scientific data truly open, mobile and give full play to its benefits in *** enjoyment of services, it is necessary to, first of all, unify the scheduling at the national level, strengthen the planning and support, and focus on supporting a number of meteorological, oceanographic, biological, medical and other basic, public welfare areas with significant characteristics, to build a national scientific data center (network); and, second, it is necessary to strengthen the historical data and data deposited in the past in the departments of the Secondly, there is a need to strengthen the rescue and organization of historical data and data on scientific research projects stored in various departments, as well as the construction of *** enjoyment service capacity. Enhance the *** enjoyment capacity and online service capacity, and promote the comprehensive *** enjoyment and effective utilization of scientific data.
2. Accelerate the implementation of the China Climate Observing System (CCOS) with reference to the Global Climate Observing Program (GCOP), and promote the ****sharing of climate system data.
A large number of studies have shown that climate change is a result of various processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and cryosphere, as well as interactions between the circles, and that the increasing influence of human activities has a growing impact on the natural ecological environment, adding to the complexity of the problem. The international scientific community has proposed and is implementing the Global Climate System Observation Program (GCSOP). Our country, located in the East Asian monsoon zone, is one of the countries most seriously affected by global climate change. Therefore, it is of great importance and far-reaching significance for China to actively participate in the international GCOS program and establish a set of China's climate observing system that develops in synchronization with the international advanced countries, so as to carry out the monitoring of the elements of climate change, climate hazards, and climate conditions, as well as the scientific utilization of the climate resources in China. In order to accelerate the research and construction process of China's climate system observation plan, it is necessary to strengthen multi-sectoral coordination at the national level, jointly promote the implementation of China's climate observation system plan, and strive for the early and comprehensive construction of China's climate observation system to realize the climate system data **** enjoyment.
3, as soon as possible to develop the national information *** enjoy regulations and policies, to create a new order of data *** enjoy.
Breaking down the information barriers, tapping into the data resources of various sectors, and doing a good job in the collection of scientific data, quality control, data storage and management, and hierarchical classification services and other aspects of the work, all need to be standardized and guaranteed by the national laws or regulations. At the same time, the intellectual property rights issues involved in data *** enjoyment services, the distribution and utilization of scientific data in line with international standards, and the protection authority of classified scientific data and information also need to be supported by sound management methods and a system of laws and regulations, so as to regulate the work of scientific data *** enjoyment, strengthen the management, improve the efficiency, and give full play to the maximum benefits of scientific data, and to serve the needs of society and the country while ensuring national security. national needs while ensuring national security. Therefore, we should accelerate the process of formulating national information *** enjoyment regulations and policies to fundamentally regulate scientific data *** enjoyment and ensure its continuous and in-depth development.
We believe that through the national macro-planning and strong support, the China Meteorological Administration and the close cooperation of the relevant departments and the hard work of the majority of scientific and technological workers, the meteorological scientific data *** enjoyment work will be comprehensive and in-depth to move forward, the climate system data *** enjoyment will be able to comprehensively build a well-off society, to promote the harmonious development of mankind and nature, and to promote the world's scientific and technological innovation and progress to provide a more solid support. The climate system data***sharing will definitely provide more solid support for building a moderately prosperous society, promoting the harmonious development of mankind and nature, and promoting scientific and technological innovation and progress in the world.
(Source: Science in China)