Basic classification of business models 1, operating business models.
Focus on solving the interaction between enterprises and the environment, including the interaction with the industrial value chain. The operational business model has created the core strengths, capabilities, relationships and knowledge of the enterprise, mainly including the following main contents.
Orientation of industrial value chain: what kind of industrial chain the enterprise is in, where it is in this chain, and how the enterprise should position itself according to its own resource conditions and development strategy.
Profit model design (income source, income distribution): where does the enterprise get its income, what kinds of income forms are there, in what form and proportion are these incomes distributed in the industrial chain, and whether the enterprise has the right to speak on this distribution.
2. Strategic business model.
The strategic business model extends and utilizes the operational business model. It should be said that the strategic business model involves all aspects of enterprise production and operation.
Business model; What kind of value and benefits does the enterprise provide to customers, including brands and products?
Channel mode; How to deliver business and value to customers, including channel multiplication, channel concentration/compression, etc.
Organizational model; How to establish an advanced management control model for enterprises, such as establishing a customer-oriented organizational structure and building a digital organization through enterprise information systems.
The most comprehensive classification and core logic of the top ten business models of Internet finance in history.
Third-party payment mode
Model overview: Third-party payment enterprises refer to non-financial institutions that provide online payment, pre-acceptance of prepaid card issuance, bank card receipt and other payment services as intermediaries between payees.
Core logic: Payment has the dual genes of finance and information, which is likely to become the core of the whole Internet finance problem.
Main opportunities: At present, the third-party payment platform mainly performs the payment function. In the future, we may do wealth management business based on deposited funds, and credit analysis and marketing analysis based on user consumption data will become the core platform to subvert the traditional financial industry in the future.
Challenge: In the traditional payment field, it is impossible to only deal with the situation of banks. In the field of mobile payment, due to the intervention of operators, third-party payment must establish close ties with operators and equipment suppliers in order to grasp the context of technological development, thus integrating payment resources and gaining first-Mover advantage. To do this, the financial strength, technical foundation and public relations strength of third-party payment enterprises are indispensable.
Representative enterprises: Internet payment enterprises represented by Alipay, yeepay, Lacarra and Tenpay, and financial payment enterprises represented by Kuaiqian and Remittance World.
Comments: The future development of third-party payment will be diversified and polarized. Some good enterprises will start from some specific sub-industries, seize more sites and space, become more and more famous, and their brands will become more and more familiar. And some third-party payment companies with no obvious characteristics and unclear strategic positioning may become less and less well-known in scale and brand, and eventually decline.
Micro-credit model of P2P network
Overview of the model: Through the P2P network financing platform, the borrower directly publishes the loan information, and the lender can directly sign a loan contract with the borrower after knowing the identity information and credit information of the other party, and provide small loans, and can know the repayment progress of the borrower in time and get the return on investment.
Core logic: The so-called P2P, the essence of the model is actually an Internet platform, connecting people with micro-loan needs at one end of the network with those with financial needs at the other end. Half-and-half is the financial platform plus the micro-loan platform.
Main opportunities: Small and micro loans make banks stay away from them because of their high cost, but in the Internet age, all this will change fundamentally. Effective technical means and innovative service methods make it possible to efficiently meet the financial needs of large-sum ordinary individuals. These ordinary individuals tend to contribute higher yields, so the wealth created by their clusters will be a huge treasure for financial institutions, and the Internet and data are the key? Treasure map? .
Challenge: Being in a state of no entry threshold, no industry standard and no competent organization, the fundamental reason is that China does not have a perfect personal credit rating mechanism. It is difficult for P2P companies to find a reliable personal credit score, so they have to make their own business model? Heavy? We should not only provide services like foreign P2P companies, but also obtain customers' credit ratings through online and offline means. In fact, it has done a lot of things in the industrial chain, which is very unfavorable to enterprises.
Representative enterprises: prosper and lending club P2P companies in the United States, Renren Loan, Paipai Loan and Hongling Venture Capital in China.
Comments: Typical foreign P2P companies, such as prosper and lendingclubP2P companies in the United States, have no guarantee function, are pure platforms, do not intervene in transactions, and lend directly. In order to attract users, some domestic P2P companies first put loans into platform accounts, but the supervision is still in a blank state, which does not meet the standards, and there may be risks of running away with money. The domestic credit system is not perfect, so it is very difficult to rely only on online evaluation. If the financial infrastructure of personal credit rating in China is more perfect, then P2P will present a more harmonious situation.
Crowdfunding financing model
Model overview: The so-called crowdfunding platform refers to a platform where creative people raise small amounts of money or other support from the public and then feed back the results of creative implementation to investors. The website provides a platform for netizens to initiate fund-raising ideas, sort out investors' information and publicize the results of creative implementation, with fund-raisers as the main profit model.
Core logic: Raise funds for new projects or start-ups through the public on the Internet.
Main opportunity: It is a new financing method. Financiers publish their ideas, projects or enterprise information through crowdfunding platforms, and netizens vote with money according to their own judgments. A small amount of money can become a shareholder of an enterprise. For creative proponents or entrepreneurs, their entrepreneurial cost is lower, and crowdfunding financing can better promote innovation and entrepreneurship.
Facing challenges: China's relevant laws also conflict with crowdfunding financing methods. Therefore, the crowdfunding model faces great legal obstacles in China. They can only find opportunities in the cracks and gradually evolve, often becoming a platform for product advertising or new product trial. We must strictly abide by the rules. If it is a public offering, the number of shareholders cannot exceed 50, and it is not allowed to raise funds from unspecified people and promise returns. If it is a private equity fund, the starting point should be at least 654.38+0 million.
Representative enterprise: kickstarter is the earliest and most well-known platform abroad, and the famous platforms in China are Time, Crowdfunding and Meng Tao.
Comments: The development of crowdfunding financing is considered to have three stages: the first stage can be completed by personal strength, and there is no need to propose products with multi-technical thresholds. The cost of supporters is relatively low, so it is easier to get support at first; The second stage is products with slightly higher technical threshold; The third stage is a product with high technical threshold, which even needs small companies or multi-party cooperation to achieve. At present, crowdfunding in China is basically in the first stage.
Virtual electronic monetary model
Model overview: Virtual currency is a kind of network virtual currency generated by computer operation or issued and managed by network community. It can be used to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also buy real-life items with virtual currency like Bitcoin.
Core logic: Although electronic money has emerged in response to e-commerce, it will gradually replace some functions of existing money in the future, because electronic money has a high degree of convenience, and the main reason for the emergence of money is to facilitate people's lives.
Main opportunities: Third-party companies can stimulate consumption by introducing virtual currencies such as prepaid cards and Q coins, instead of developing them into something that can be exchanged. The feeling of consuming physical currency is very strong, while the feeling of consuming virtual currency is similar to that of credit card consumption, which can stimulate consumption.
Challenge: The circulation of some virtual currencies is too large, which leads to the expansion of this currency in its circulation field and even leads to the bankruptcy of the company. For example, Bitcoin was only used by online merchants in the early days. Later, offline physical merchants began to accept it and exchanged it in proportion. Policy supervision will be strengthened, and the state will recognize it as illegal and not allow physical transactions. Virtual currency may have an impact on the monetary system, so the supervision will be very strict.
Representative enterprises: foreign bitcoin, Amazon coin, Facebook coin, domestic Q coin, etc.
Comments: Like Tencent's Q coins and Amazon coins, it is different from Bitcoin. It is a closed virtual currency. It cannot be purchased at will in the market, nor can it be converted into cash, which will not have a great impact on the real economy and become the income of Tencent and Amazon. Although virtual currency such as Bitcoin was born to replace sovereign currency, it is unlikely in the foreseeable future.
Financial service platform model based on big data
Overview of the model: this model connects individuals with loan needs, small and medium-sized banks and small lending institutions on a platform by building a vertical search engine for financial products similar to Qunar. Then earn income through advertising fees or transaction commissions.
Core logic: all kinds of banks and small loan companies conduct vertical search to bring customers to them.
The main opportunity: this model does not have much policy risk, mainly because the capital flow does not go through the intermediary platform. Simply put, these financial vertical searches are actually a market outsourcing channel for banks to bring customers, and the main income is the market expenses of banks and small loan companies.
Challenge: Because many employees who provide new financial services on the Internet and mobile Internet often come from the Internet industry, their understanding of finance is not deep enough, and what they do is still at the surface of user experience, without touching the deeper content of finance. In the future, the needs of customers will become more and more specialized, and how these enterprises grasp these deeper needs needs needs further efforts.
Representative enterprises: foreign Bankrate, domestic finance 360, good loan network, financial management, etc.
Comments: China's financial services industry is still underdeveloped, and its lending business and wealth management business are very backward. In view of the current shortage of financial services, some enterprises cut out a subdivision from the financial business process and intensively cultivated it, which gradually gained the recognition of more and more customers.
P2B mode
The first website is called FundindCircle. This model is to guide individuals to provide loans to small businesses. It does not concentrate funds, but only acts as an intermediary. Professional teams rate these small and micro enterprises, and the rating directly corresponds to their borrowing interest rate on the platform. Low-rated loans have higher interest rates and lower rating rates. Therefore, it is divided into four grades, corresponding to the personal lending rate respectively, and the transaction is realized through bidding.
Online banking or electronic banking.
It refers to an all-round seamless, fast, safe and efficient Internet financial service institution that provides customers with deposits, loans, payments, settlement, remittances, electronic tickets, electronic credit, account management, currency swap, P2P finance, investment and wealth management, financial information and so on. Through cloud computing and big data. The convenience and efficiency of online banking will bring great challenges to traditional banks.
Internet insurance model
It mainly refers to online virtual property insurance, which has no offline channels and is an insurance service platform serving the Internet and related industries. For example, Zhongan Online only sells transportation insurance and virtual goods insurance designed in the future.
Internet financial portal model
Selling financial products on the Internet platform. On Taobao's wealth management and insurance platform, customers can inquire, understand and purchase various wealth management and insurance products through the network. Compared with the original offline purchase, online financial management and insurance are more convenient and transparent, the threshold is relatively lower, and different product combinations can be provided in time according to the individual needs of customers.
Cost saving scheme model
BillShrink mainly helps users save money, and its services include six categories? Credit cards, mobile phones, telecommunications, gasoline, deposits and commercial credit cards. This model may not be applicable in China, but its thinking is worth learning. Not only to save money, but to put yourself in the real needs of users.