The biggest risk is that if the borrower doesn't pay back, the guarantor will have to pay back.

First, in terms of loan types, it is generally appropriate to gradually upgrade from small to large. You can apply for a working capital loan from the bank through effective procedures such as pledge, mortgage or third-party guarantee, and then apply for a project loan after you have certain strength.

Second, in terms of loan amount, since the general economy of individual operators is not very rich, they should do what they can to avoid large investment.

Thirdly, in terms of loan interest rate, according to the relevant regulations of the People's Bank of China, commercial banks and urban and rural credit cooperatives can raise the loan interest rate of individual operators within 30%. However, the floating interest rates of banks and credit cooperatives are not consistent, so when applying for loans, you can' shop around' and try to choose financial institutions with small floating interest rates to lend.

4. In terms of loan term, the current short-term loans are divided into two interest rate classes: within 6 months (including 6 months) and 6~ 12 months (including 1 year). For short-term loans with a term of less than 1 year, the contract interest rate shall be implemented, and interest shall not be calculated in installments; Medium and long-term loans are divided into three grades: 1~3 years, 3~5 years and more than 5 years. Interest is calculated in stages for medium and long-term loans. When the loan interest rate is adjusted, the new interest rate of the same loan in the same period will be implemented in June of the following year 1.

What are the risks of enterprise financing project mortgage?

1. What are the risks of enterprise financing project mortgage? 1. Ownership risk The rights of projects under construction consist of land use rights and the ownership of Jian 'an projects. Land use rights can be obtained through allocation or transfer. The main risks are: whether the right subject is clear, whether there is ownership, whether the set land area is clear, and whether the land use period is shorter than the loan period. 2. Value Risk The causes of value risk are: evaluation reasons, market reasons and ownership definition reasons. Due to the numerous real estate appraisal institutions, the appraisal level of appraisers is uneven. When the evaluation result is higher than the normal and reasonable market value, the risk of the loan increases sharply. Sometimes, in order to save the relevant expenses for developers, the loan officer estimates for himself. Due to the lack of professional evaluation knowledge, the error of estimation results may be great, which may also cause loan risk. 3. Quality Risk In order to reduce the development cost, in the bidding process of construction projects, after the implementation of the bill of quantities, the reasonable lowest price is one of the conditions for winning the bid, which makes the contractor bid with a very low quotation in order to win the bid. After winning the bid, there may be some illegal acts in the construction process, such as cutting corners, shoddy and shoddy, which may cause quality hidden dangers. When the mortgagee disposes of the project under construction, there are quality problems, and the disposal price will be much lower than the normal price, which will cause loan risk. 4. Registration of risk collateral Only after the mortgage registration, the loan bank is the real mortgagee and can enjoy the priority of compensation. Some loan banks do not handle mortgage registration, notarization and insurance procedures without authorization according to the reputation of developers. When the developer fails to perform the contract, it will cause loan risk. 5. Where the land management department and the real estate management department are separated, the land mortgage is registered in the land management department, and the projects under construction (including land) are registered in the real estate management department. When developers use separate land and projects under construction (including land) to apply for mortgage loans in different banks, and at the same time, because the information of the real estate management department and the land management department is not interoperable, they apply for mortgage registration respectively, resulting in the same land being mortgaged twice, which may cause loan risks. 6. Disposal of risks When the project under construction is disposed of, it will affect the image of the developer and the image of the development project. At the same time, the disposal behavior is unfair market behavior, which makes the disposal value of the project far lower than the market value, thus causing the risk that the loan cannot be fully recovered. The mortgage of the project under construction can avoid the above risks well, thus ensuring the mortgage of the project under construction well. Two. Overview Construction in progress refers to houses and other buildings under construction after approval. As a special form of mortgage, the mortgage of construction in progress is widely used by banks because of its advantages of accelerating capital flow and promoting capital financing, which can meet the needs of banks to expand customers and solve the financing needs of enterprises. However, the mortgage of the project under construction is different from the real estate mortgage that has obtained the house ownership certificate. The legal relationship of mortgage of construction in progress is more complicated, with more uncertainties and greater risks. If the operation is improper, legal risks are likely to occur, resulting in the loss of credit assets. In the process of development, enterprises also need certain funds to develop and expand the scale of enterprises, so enterprises can also raise funds by selling equity, mortgaging real estate or mortgaging projects under construction. There are certain risks in the financing process, so after financing, they also need to sign corresponding financing contracts, which should specify specific rights and obligations.

What are the risks of mortgage loans of commercial banks and how to prevent them?

Judging from the development of China's commercial banks, the risks faced by China's commercial banks are concentrated in credit risk, market risk, operational risk and liquidity risk.

1, credit risk

Credit risk, also known as default risk, refers to the possibility that creditors will suffer losses because the counterparty (debtor) is difficult or unwilling to perform repayment. Bank credit risk mainly refers to the risk of bank loan loss caused by the debtor's failure to repay the loan in full as scheduled. Credit business is the traditional and main business of banks. Banks are the credit center of society and the concentration of credit risks. Therefore, under the condition of modern credit economy, the credit risk faced by banks is a prominent risk, and the losses brought by credit risk to banks are also huge.

2. Market risk

Market risk refers to the risk that the bank's on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet business will suffer losses due to adverse changes in market prices (interest rate, exchange rate, stock price and commodity price). Market risk exists in the transactions and non-transactions of banks. The Basel Committee defines market risk as the risk of loss of positions inside and outside the balance sheet due to changes in market prices.

3. Operational risk

According to the types of risks, operational risks can be divided into four categories, namely, internal operational processes, human factors, institutional factors and external events. According to the risk factors, it can be divided into seven types, including: internal fraud; External fraud; Safety issues in employee activities and workplaces; Security issues of customers, products and business activities; The physical assets maintained by the bank are damaged; Business interruption and system error; Administration, delivery and process management, etc.

4. Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is one of the main risks faced by commercial banks in China. With the increasingly open financial market, once the liquidity risk turns into a liquidity crisis, it will cause irreversible losses. Compared with credit risk, market risk and operational risk, the causes of liquidity risk are more complex and extensive, and it is usually regarded as a comprehensive risk.

According to the risk analysis of loan mortgage, we can guard against risks from the following aspects.

① Strict audit. Strict examination of collateral, property right relationship, mortgage contract and related documents is the fundamental measure to prevent loan mortgage risk.

For the collateral itself, the credit personnel should review the authenticity of the collateral title certificate and verify the authenticity of the collateral (such as houses and land use rights) corresponding to the title certificate through field visits; Secondly, credit officers should also review the collateral in strict accordance with relevant laws and regulations to see whether the collateral is allowed by relevant laws and regulations and whether it belongs to the scope of collateral allowed by banks.

For the property right relationship of collateral, if it is owned by * * * (such as a house), there must be a power of attorney from other * * * people who agree to mortgage, and if it is the property of a partnership enterprise, there must be a power of attorney from other partners who agree to mortgage. If it is the collateral of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, there must be a certificate of authorization from the competent SASAC and the workers' congress to agree to mortgage; If it is the collateral of a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company, there must be an authorization certificate that the shareholders' meeting or the board of directors agrees to mortgage according to the company's articles of association.

For all kinds of certificates of collateral, the credit personnel must strictly examine and require the relevant certificates to be complete. This requirement must be determined according to the specific collateral. For example, the mortgage of imported cars requires many procedures, such as operation license, product certificate, purchase and sale contract, customs declaration, invoice and so on.

For mortgage contracts, credit officers must strictly examine the relevant conditions of the loan contract, especially its additional effective terms and the business scope of the borrower's business license. In addition, it is particularly important to note that the validity of the mortgage contract must cover the validity of the loan contract.

(2) Do a good job of registration. According to the guarantee law, real estate, trees, aircraft, ships, vehicles, enterprise equipment and other movable property need to be registered according to law, and the mortgage contract will take effect from the date of registration. Therefore, when handling mortgage loans, banks must pay special attention to whether the collateral needs to be registered before it can take effect. In addition, it is necessary to confirm whether the loan contract and guarantee contract need to be notarized according to relevant laws and regulations.

③ Do a good job in value evaluation. Collateral value evaluation is the most commonly used means to prevent mortgage loan risks. To this end, banks should first establish a complete set of internal management system for collateral value evaluation and carry out collateral value evaluation on a regular basis. Units with conditions and needs should also establish a daily mark-to-market system and pay attention to personnel training in this area. Secondly, we should strengthen the contact, understanding and evaluation of asset appraisal companies to prevent the fraud risk in the outsourcing of collateral value appraisal business. Thirdly, we can't completely ignore the government departments that issue mortgage property certificates, especially analyze the possibility that borrowers bribe key personnel of government departments to issue false property certificates or repeat mortgages.

④ Do a good job in asset preservation. Asset preservation of bank loans involves the disposal of collateral. In the case of default by the borrower, the bank should seal up the collateral in time to protect its rights as the first beneficiary. When disposing of collateral, efforts should be made to coordinate the relationship with relevant stakeholders, fully consider disposal costs, taxes and interest losses after loan default, and prevent the risk of selling collateral cheaply.

Extended data

The operational risk management of banks involves not only the internal procedures and processes of banks, but also the organizational structure, policies and operational risk management processes of banks. For institutions, there should be appropriate policies to deal with operational risks. First of all, we must determine these policies and inform the employees of the whole bank. In this process, we should consider several aspects: first, we should have a clear governance structure and know who to report to under what circumstances.

In a typical bank case, there should be a separate credit risk management organization, and different business departments should be responsible for the daily business management, that is, there are two reporting mechanisms to report the daily business situation to the managers of such business departments respectively;

As for credit, it must be reported to the relevant credit manager. There is also a very important point in the information involved in banks, that is, the people who get the information and the details of different levels of information. For example, what the board of directors needs is a common information, and it is impossible to give everyone the same information. In addition, information should be flexible and flexible methods of collecting information are needed.