Bank loan refers to an economic behavior that banks lend funds to people in need of funds at a certain interest rate according to national policies and return them within the agreed time limit. Moreover, in different countries and different development periods of a country, the types of loans classified according to various standards are also different. For example, industrial and commercial loans in the United States mainly include ordinary loan limits, working capital loans, standby loan commitments, and project loans. In Britain, industrial and commercial loans mostly take the form of discounted bills, credit accounts and overdraft accounts.

Lenders refer to people or financial institutions that use credit funds or their own funds to issue loans to borrowers in lending activities.