18 In May, the Special Urban Renewal Plan of Beijing (Beijing Urban Renewal Plan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan) was officially issued, which is also the first special urban renewal plan in China under the background of reduction development. The "Planning" proposes to focus on the transformation of old communities, promote the classified transformation of old communities as a whole, improve the quality of living, and promote the balance between occupation and residence. By 2025, the renovation of old residential areas will be 65.438+0.6 billion square meters. At the same time, the "Proposal" clarifies that we should attach importance to aging and barrier-free renovation, strengthen the design management of aging renovation, highlight key tasks such as installing elevators, aging renovation of public environment, and barrier-free environment construction, coordinate relevant policies such as supporting the elderly and helping the disabled, and encourage "property serves the old".
In fact, this year's "Government Work Report" also mentioned that it is necessary to promote barrier-free environment construction and aging transformation. Then, with the advent of an aging society, how to promote the "aging-friendly" transformation of old communities? How to meet the needs of "silver-haired people" for the elderly in the community?
Beijing:
Promoting indoor aging transformation and exploring "five-way linkage"
Jinsong model, Qinghe sample, Changping experience ... Beijing is at the forefront of the country in the aging transformation of old residential areas, and all districts have summed up the model and experience of "adapting to local conditions".
In May last year, Beijing took the lead in issuing the Guiding Opinions on Comprehensive Renovation of Old Residential Areas and Barrier-free Environment Construction, and launched a "menu" for aging renovation, which provided a reference standard for aging renovation.
In the aging renovation of old residential areas in Beijing, special attention is paid to "internal and external integration" and "community support", taking Naner Community in Haidian District of Beijing as an example. This is the first pilot project of aging renovation of old residential areas in Beijing. Funded by the Haidian District Government, the project will be reformed in five aspects: living environment, travel environment, healthy environment, service environment and social and cultural environment for respecting the elderly.
In terms of indoor aging transformation, Naner Community has carried out aging transformation for 99 elderly people over 80 years old and severely disabled elderly people in the community, including devices such as anti-skid pads, induction nightlight, continuous handle, bath chairs and so on, as well as intelligent devices to realize real-time monitoring of data such as bedtime, habitual movements, toilet and bathing. If there is any abnormality, the family members and medical staff of the elderly can know it at the first time.
At the same time, in terms of community support, Naner Community pays attention to the living needs of the elderly, and completes eight basic convenience service functions such as convenience store, haircut, housekeeping, dyeing, maintenance and terminal logistics. Since the renovation in 20 19, the practice of "internal and external repair" and "combination of software and hardware" in Naner Community has become a sample and successful case of aging renovation in Beijing's old communities.
Following Haidian Naner Community, with the support of Chaoyang District Government, Jinsong Community in Chaoyang District introduced social capital to promote the renovation and renewal of old communities, forming a "Jinsong model".
The "Jinsong Model" has created innovations in multiple senses, and explored the "five-party linkage" mechanism of "district-level overall planning, street-township leadership, community coordination, residents' deliberation and enterprise operation", which has exemplary significance for introducing social capital into old communities. Not only that, when Jinsong community introduced the property, it took the lead in putting forward the concept of "taste before buying" and the principle of "service first, experience later, charge later", so that residents could feel the personal changes in the improvement of environment and service, thus making it easier to accept independent payment to the property.
Kaifeng, Henan:
Exploring "Red Building" and Popularizing "3 3" Elevator Installation Mode
Kaifeng, the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties, has also been at the forefront of the country by promoting the aging transformation of old residential areas. Different from first-and second-tier cities, third-and fourth-tier cities generally face the problems of population outflow and population aging. In the renovation of old residential areas, Kaifeng actively explores innovative aging-adaptive renovation models, which provides new ideas for aging-adaptive renovation of third-and fourth-tier cities.
In the transformation of old residential areas, Jinkangyuan residential area and Wuyi contiguous residential area within the jurisdiction of Kaifeng urban-rural integration demonstration zone were upgraded and transformed, which won unanimous praise from the masses. It is worth mentioning that the 27-year-old Jinkangyuan Community was identified by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development as one of the typical renovation cases in 2002 12, which can be used for reference by the whole country.
In this regard, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Kaifeng Urban-Rural Integration Demonstration Zone summed up the successful experiences of two communities and formed a set of old reform standards of its own, namely "five links" and "six possessions". "Five companies" include underground company, above-ground company, cultural and sports company, service company and popular company; "Six haves" means complete basic public service facilities, convenient commercial service facilities, complete municipal supporting infrastructure, sufficient space for public activities, full coverage of property services and sound community management mechanism.
According to the Beijing News reporter, at the beginning of the renovation of old residential areas, the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Kaifeng Urban-Rural Integration Demonstration Zone took the lead in setting up the headquarters of Party building leading urban renewal and renovation of old residential areas, headed by Shuang Ren, secretary of the district Party Working Committee and director of the management committee, and established a weekly meeting and daily scheduling system to study and innovate new ideas of renovation projects of old residential areas.
In attracting public opinion, Jinkangyuan Community and Wuyi Lianpian Community innovated and promoted the "Red House"; In guiding public opinion, we should give full play to the characteristics of the elderly with high prestige and strong calling ability in the community to establish a "red housekeeper" volunteer service team and take the lead in conflict mediation, policy propaganda, epidemic prevention and control, etc. And realize "I will take good care of my home".
In the renovation of old residential areas, installing elevators has become a necessary link for the elderly to pass without barriers. However, some residents on the lower floors are opposed to installing elevators and charging extra fees, thinking that they have "suffered a loss". In the renovation of the old residential area in Wuyi area, it is through the "red building" and the residents' meeting hall that "micro-governance" is carried out, public opinion is respected, people's wisdom is brought into play, and the "3 3" elevator installation mode is innovatively adopted.
The installation method of "3 3" elevator is divided into three grades: high, medium and low. Residents can choose three payment methods according to their living conditions: one-time investment, installment payment and each credit card. This pay-as-you-go model not only solves the problem that it is difficult for the elderly to go upstairs, but also receives strong support from residents in the community.
"The community lacks places for entertainment and leisure for the elderly and children, and private buildings and small vegetable gardens in public areas can also be seen everywhere." This is a complaint from residents of Hoda Family Hospital. Before the renovation, the original Little Square Garden in Heda Family Courtyard was an abandoned weed field, and there were small sheds, chicken nests and vegetable fields privately built by residents. The transformed small garden has been transformed, which is not only full of flowers, but also has a fitness and leisure area for the elderly, with a pavilion in the middle, which is both beautiful and practical.
Renovation of Heda Family Building in Kaifeng City. Photo courtesy of respondents
According to Guang Hui Feng, director of the Property Department of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau in Kaifeng City's urban-rural integration demonstration zone, in the "Red House", Aunt Zhang, a resident who lives on the fourth floor, put forward the realistic problem that "it is very difficult to go downstairs to buy food and go upstairs every day", which is in the process of rebuilding the old community in Wuyi Community. In view of Aunt Zhang's "difficulty in going upstairs", a temporary folding lounge chair was installed in the community, and there were warm tips and emergency contact numbers next to the chair, which allowed Aunt Zhang to "go to the next floor and have a rest".
According to reports, after several years of upgrading and transformation of old residential areas, the chaotic and dilapidated old residential areas in Kaifeng City's urban-rural integration demonstration zone have taken on a new look, which has enhanced the people's sense of happiness and gain and won the praise of local residents.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang:
Using market-oriented mechanism to promote the mode of "property right pension"
As a core city in the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou has explored the model of "residents as the main body, government guidance and social participation" in the renovation of old residential areas, and "handing over professional work to professional teams" has become the concept of aging renovation of old residential areas in Hangzhou.
Caihe Street, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou introduced Juniper Service Company, which is responsible for the renovation of 36 old residential areas within its jurisdiction. It not only introduces a replicable concept of community home-based care for the aged, but also creates a famous "community care for the aged street".
There used to be a famous "Community Commercial Street" in the east section of Sanxin Road in Fang Jing, Qian Jing Community, Sijiqing Street, Shangcheng District. However, the local community decided to renovate the non-motor vehicles because of the problems such as disorderly parking, poor surrounding environment along the street and small community activity venues. Through the introduction of He Rui Life Insurance, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Juniper Service, it took nearly a year to successfully transform the "community commercial street" into a "happy retirement street".
The "Happy Street for the Elderly" has a total length of 100 meters and a total area of about 1200 square meters. This road is completely new, with canteens, supermarkets, barbershops, activity rooms and so on. , fully meet the needs of the elderly.
He Rui Life Insurance was introduced into Caihe Street, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, taking the lead in exploring the mode of "property pension". In terms of property services, a "menu" of community services for the aged has been set up, which includes ten functional sections, including Yixian Garden, Yikang Garden, Yizhi Garden, Yi Hui Garden, Yixue Garden, Yiyuan Garden, Hu Yi Garden, Yihe Garden and 4S Service Station, forming a collection of life care, culture and entertainment.
Meeting the needs of the elderly in the community has become a key task in the transformation of old communities. Hangzhou uses market-oriented mechanism and actively introduces social capital, which stimulates the sustainable power of community service upgrading and enables more and more elderly people to enjoy more professional and diversified care services in the community.
Fang Jing community after the upgrade of He Rui's life in Shangcheng District of Hangzhou. Photo courtesy of respondents
Expert advice:
Promote diversified financing for aging transformation and encourage social capital to participate.
It is urgent to promote the aging transformation of old residential areas. The results of the seventh national census show that the population aged 60 and over in China will be 264 million in 2020, accounting for 18.70%. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, China will enter into moderate aging from mild aging.
During the two sessions this year, Zheng Bingwen, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, put forward a proposal on the topic of "accelerating the aging transformation of old residential areas", increased fund-raising efforts, and promoted diversified fund-raising for aging transformation. Local governments should increase investment in aging transformation, and Qi Xin should work together to actively create a policy environment for aging transformation.
Professor Chen Jie from China Urban Governance Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University said that the aging transformation of old residential areas should follow three principles. The first principle is to respect the will, organically combine "bottom-up" and "top-down" and interact effectively. Don't design subjectively, listen to the voices of the grassroots and take action when the community needs it. Following the spirit of the rule of law, respecting property rights and community autonomy should never be promoted through sports.
Chen Jie pointed out that, on the basis of respecting public opinion, one or two typical cases should be done gradually when conditions are ripe, so as to form a demonstration effect, refine experiences that can be replicated and popularized, conduct pilot projects in a small scale, establish brands and popularize them in a large scale, and gain more social input, thus forming a virtuous circle. In addition, social participation is the foundation. The government cannot become a one-man show to adapt to the aging, but must concentrate social forces, apply market mechanisms, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society, and form a joint force of all parties.
Wu Xiaorong, founder and CEO of Beijing Xiangyi Life Health Technology Co., Ltd. told the reporter: "Community home-based care for the elderly belongs to' just needed, no market' and there is no third-party professional operating organization to operate it. For example, when the old community is suitable for aging transformation, can the introduced property company continue to provide professional community pension services and how to manage the fragmented pension service providers in a unified manner. "
In this regard, Chen Jie also has a deep understanding. He said: "According to the investigation of several pilot projects in the early stage, the promotion of' property pension' is mainly hindered by six aspects: lack of autonomy of the venue, unauthorized operation, low recognition of the owners, weak service ability, unclear operation mode and insufficient government support." There are three major contradictions, namely, the contradiction between supply and demand between the non-professional service level of property service enterprises and the professional requirements of aged care services, the attribute contradiction between the profitability requirements of property service enterprises and the public welfare and inclusiveness requirements of aged care services, and the interest contradiction between property service enterprises and owners under the current community governance framework and property service model. "
In this regard, Chen Jie suggested that property service enterprises should incubate professional pension teams or introduce third-party specialized pension institutions to resolve the contradiction of insufficient specialization. With regard to the contradiction of profits, on the premise of meeting the agreed service quality assessment, property enterprises can undertake public welfare and inclusive home-based community-based aged care services with low profits, no profits or even losses, and at the same time, they are given priority in developing value-added home-based community-based aged care services, and relevant price controls are liberalized to meet the needs of some elderly people with purchasing power for high-level and high-quality home-based community-based aged care services, thus forming cross subsidies.
"At present, the focus of the aging renovation of old residential areas is outside the residential area, but there is a lack of indoor renovation for the elderly, such as canceling the design of height difference, non-slip, barrier-free handrails, old furniture, and even intelligent hardware facilities. Some renovations need to consider both outdoor and indoor. For example, the bathroom floor in the old community has a height difference, which makes it inconvenient for the elderly to get in and out. It is best to solve the problem from the system and transform the main riser of the bathroom in the old community, which can reduce the height difference and reduce the risk of the elderly falling. " Wu Xiaorong said.