1. The concept of communication

Communication is a form of news report that reflects news events or typical people in a concrete, vivid and vivid way by means of narration, description, lyricism and discussion. It is a kind of narrative, which is commonly used in newspapers, radio stations and news agencies.

2. The characteristics of communication < p Communication has four characteristics:

(1) strict authenticity.

(2) objectivity of reporting.

(3) strong timeliness.

(4) vividness of description.

3. Types of communication.

(1) According to content, communication is generally divided into character communication, event communication and event communication. Communication can be divided into general notes communication, interviews (interviews with people), short stories, collection, tour, documentary, stories, close-ups, sketches, sidelights, notes on interviews.

4. Writing of communication

First, the theme should be clear. With a clear theme, the selection of materials can be standardized, and the writing, transition and interview can be carried out. Write the materials that best reflect the essence of things, which are typical and attractive.

Third, people can't write without things, and things are written for people. Of course, people should write people, that is, event communication, overview communication and work communication, and people should not be forgotten. Of course, people can't write without things. If they write people without examples, details and plots, they are bound to be empty. It can be described and discussed, and it can also be interspersed with dialogues, self-narratives and the author's experiences and feelings. It can be reported in the form of a third person, or written in the form of a first-person interview, impression or letter, diary, etc. The news facts reported in the communication can be observed and reflected from different angles, such as front, back, side, bird's eye view, head-up, looking up, overlooking, etc. Impressions are different. If you can carefully choose the best angle to write, you can often make the manuscript suddenly add new ideas, and write it in a unique and fascinating way.

5. Brief introduction and examples of common communication

(1) People's communication

The so-called people's communication is a communication that mainly reports advanced people on various fronts. It focuses on revealing the spiritual realm of advanced people and reflects their advanced ideas by writing their advanced deeds. Make it the wealth of the society. At the same time, it also reports the changing figures and some controversial figures. "No one is perfect without gold." When writing, you must never write advanced figures with unprecedented wisdom and courage, perfect, and try your best to tell the truth and appropriateness.

(2) Event communication

The so-called event communication is reporting. But it doesn't focus on depicting people like character communication, but takes events as the center, and writes people in order to write good things in the overall picture of events. It can not only reflect major and exciting typical events and outstanding events that have taken place in real life; You can also intercept one or several fragments from a news event and describe it in detail to reveal the profound meaning of the event; It can also be a summary of several events.

(3) Work newsletter

The so-called work newsletter is a report that reflects the achievements in implementing the Party's line, principles and policies, summarizes the experience and lessons in practical work, or discusses controversial issues that need to be solved urgently. It is an important form of reporting that is often used to guide the work in newspapers. Its main features are as follows: first, it takes introducing work experience and analyzing problems as the main theme; Second, in-depth analysis based on facts; Third, lively, pay attention to literary talent; Fourth, it is eclectic, with various forms. Essays, essays, notes and notes can be used.

Why did "Wolong" take off

—— Exploring the road to success of the Second Film Factory of the Ministry of Chemical Industry

Our correspondent Xia Guilian "Funiu" came out of the mountain and "Wolong" took off.

Enterprises should have a spirit

When the reporter interviewed in this factory, the cadres and workers introduced how they adjust the product structure to meet the market demand: how to pay close attention to product quality and promote sales; How to pay close attention to scientific and technological progress ... But what is even more exciting is the high mental outlook of the workers and the enterprise spirit they often mention: hard work, unity and enterprising.

In the early 197s, the builders of the Second Rubber Factory entered Funiu Mountain. They lived in simple houses and ate sweet potato noodles. In the remote mountains, thousands of builders endured the extreme cold in winter and braved the heat in summer. Modern factories were built in four years. Many employees of Second Rubber Factory experienced that period of time, and they were tempered by the hardships of starting a business. The enterprising spirit of hard struggle and hard work was also imprinted in the hearts of this generation of builders.

In the 198s, the film market became saturated. The leaders of Second Rubber Factory sized up the situation and decided to switch to industrial printing films. How to build a new production line depends entirely on the introduction of foreign countries' loans. Westbank > We should also buy key equipment suitable for the factory or in the process of technological transformation. They introduced three production lines and key equipment from the United States, Britain and Japan respectively. As a result of this technological transformation, the product quality went up, the production cost was reduced, and at the same time, a group of teams with excellent skills and ability to fight tough battles were trained.

In p>1991, the factory was listed in the Eighth Five-Year Plan for Third-Line Enterprises and Institutions, and the relocation work from ravine to Nanyang began. All the main production organizations moved out. During the relocation, the factory only spent 6 million yuan, which was 5 days earlier than the original planned 4 days. After the tenter was relocated, it was successfully tested. The workers carefully disassembled and worked selflessly, saving a lot of money for the country, and was rated as a typical relocation by the Third Line Office of the State Council. After the market economy, The supply and marketing staff of many factories became the first to get rich. However, the supply and marketing company of Erjiao Factory still has a simple and capable team regardless of fame and fortune. The manager of the company is a middle-aged man who has worked in Erjiao Factory for more than 2 years. He is very proud of his colleagues. He said: "We have more than 8 people who have been traveling all over the country for many years. As long as we say we have a task, we will buy a ticket and leave. We don't pay attention to eating and living outside." We also have ideas when we see that some units' supply and marketing personnel get high bonuses and spend a lot of money, but the enterprising spirit of our team has never been lost. "

In the Second Rubber Factory, front-line workers are diligent and hardworking, and they are very proud of their factory. After moving to Nanyang, the power supply is insufficient, which has an impact on production. In the Spring Festival this year, the factory decided to go to work as usual without complaining, and everyone happily completed the task. Where did the entrepreneurial spirit come from? Most employees of Erjiao Factory have a history of starting a business in a difficult environment, and they have deep feelings for the factory, which is a very important one. However, it is also an important reason that they trust their business leaders and are full of confidence in them from the conversations of cadres and workers.

The leadership team led by Sang-kwuon Lee, the "national outstanding chemical enterprise leader", has won great popularity in the factory. Sang-kwuon Lee has a solid professional knowledge and started at the grassroots level. Rich practical experience, growing up with the Second Rubber Factory, determines that he has a strong sense of social responsibility and the courage to work hard to do great things.

Visiting the Second Rubber Factory, the factory is new, and the high-level equipment makes experts jealous, but the office of the factory leader is very ordinary. They just borrowed two floors of the research building of the factory. To create the best working and living conditions for workers and researchers, they never talk about ostentation and extravagance. During the Spring Festival, the workers work overtime. Sang-kwuon Lee and other leaders also came to the workshop on the morning of New Year's Day to work with everyone.

In the transition from planned economy to market economy, it is very important for business leaders to make correct decisions. Sang-kwuon Lee has a deep understanding of the industry situation, development trend and competitors. Therefore, it has a strong ability to control the market. The product steering, technical transformation, paying close attention to quality and opening up the market of the Second Rubber Factory are all permeated with his and the leadership team's hard work. A factory director who can lead employees to struggle in the tide of market economy along the right course will naturally gain the trust of the masses. When employees see the bright future of the enterprise and their personal lives are constantly improved, who will not work hard?

(4) profile communication

profile communication, also known as style communication, is a report that mainly reflects social life, local customs, natural scenery and ever-changing construction achievements. In particular, the changes brought about by reform, opening up and invigorating have added new contents to this kind of communication. Unlike event communication, profile communication is not written around a person or a central event, and it does not require writing about an event. Instead, we should focus on the theme and reflect it quickly and timely.

Concise and to the point, short in length. Concateness is the main sign that the news is different from other styles. The so-called brevity means "in a few words, remember the facts clearly, write a few strokes, show the spirit, summarize without being abstract, be brief without being caught in omissions", and use a pen to be concise and neat. The content is concentrated and concise.

2. Types of news (generally, news can be classified into four categories):

1. Dynamic news

Dynamic news is a style that quickly and accurately reports the latest international and domestic major events, important activities and the latest new situations, new developments, new achievements and new problems in various constructions. It is the most used type in newspapers.

A far-reaching news, which occupies a prominent position in the newspaper when reported. For example, China's various application satellites are in the same hair (Guangming Daily) on May 13, 1993). The content of the newsletter is the first, and the length is short. For example, "International News Briefing", "Academic Trends" and "Market Strolling" etc.

2. Typical news

Typical news is also called experience news. It is a style of concentrated reporting on the typical experiences and successful practices of some specific departments, units and industries. This kind of news is to sum up experiences and reveal laws after introducing experiences and practices, so as to achieve the goal of, The purpose of promoting the work, such as "Everything depends on the people's own creation-a basic experience of Shougang's ten-year reform" (People's Daily) on December 26, 1988).

3. Comprehensive news

Comprehensive news is a report that combines facts that have occurred in different places, different units, and have their own characteristics and the same nature, and embodies a theme. Reveal the law, such as "cutting down trees indiscriminately, floods are still frequent in three countries in South Asia, but it is better to plant trees by helpers in northern India" (Guangming Daily, July 25, 1993).

4. Review news

is also called "reporter's review" and "news review". It is news with both news and comment functions. It is based on stating facts, interspersed with comments or expressing feelings. It is required to comment on the facts based on the principles and policies of the country, with correct views and proper comments, such as "Distinguish the mainstream from the tributaries, and don't treat the" beginning "as" overdone "(Liaoning Daily, May 1979).

Third, the writing of the news:

1. Title

The title of the news, There are eyebrows (also known as introductory topic and shoulder topic), main topic (also known as theme and motif) and subtitle (also known as auxiliary topic and subtitle), which appear in newspapers and periodicals in the following situations:

(1) Multi-line headlines. Generally, there are three lines, that is, the middle line is the main topic, which is the core of the headline and is used to reveal the theme or prompt important facts; The line above the topic is an eyebrow question, which is used to lead to the topic, explain the facts, explain the background, set off the atmosphere and reveal the meaning; The following line of the topic is a subtitle, which is used to supplement the explanation or explain the topic or basis. For example,

the head of the Ministry of Economic Relations and Trade made a speech (eyebrow topic)

I hope that the two sides of the Taiwan Strait can realize direct trade (topic)

I am willing to contact and negotiate with Taiwan's economic and trade authorities to solve the problems in bilateral trade)

Two-line title. Topics and eyebrows appear. For example,

True happiness depends on one's own labor to create (eyebrows)

Du Yunyun donated 1, yuan to the country (topics).

Second, There are topics and sub-topics. For example,

Chengdu Telecom Bureau paid money to criticize (topic)

put an "announcement" in the newspaper to welcome the masses to supervise the communication service (sub-topic)

(2) single-line title. Single-line title only has the topic. For example,

* * was interviewed by the president of Asahi Shimbun

It should be decided as appropriate.

2. Introduction

The introduction of a message is the first paragraph or sentence of the message. It is composed of the freshest and most important facts or incisive comments in the message to attract readers. This is why the structure of the message is usually "inverted pyramid".

The introduction is often written in the following ways:

Narrative. Reveal the main contents, such as: "Dalian Guangcai Industry (Joint Venture) Co., Ltd., the first joint venture between self-employed individuals and Hong Kong businessmen in China, was officially opened on April 13, 1985 with the approval of the State Council." This is the news lead issued by Economic Daily on April 18, 1985.

Ask questions. Ask questions about the problems to be solved or the experiences and practices to be introduced in the news. Among many corduroys newly produced by Shanghai Velvet Factory, there are such novel varieties. (Xinhua News Agency press release on July 16, 198)

Descriptive style. Describe a distinctive fact or a meaningful side with concise pen and ink, giving readers a vivid impression. For example, "Pots of green Ophiopogon japonicus, pine and cypress, evergreen and blooming flowers are decorated in the hall of the Great Hall of the People. The All-China Women's Federation held a get-together party here this afternoon. More than 1,5 Chinese and foreign women got together. They shook hands and talked cordially, and celebrated the Women's Labor Day on March 8, 1988. (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 8, 1988)

The critical style is to make a critical conclusion on the reported facts first, and then clarify them with concrete facts. For example, "Today, the new China was promulgated.