1. [Short answer question] Please briefly describe the types and characteristics of government loans.

The main types of government loans:

1. Pure soft loans with long repayment period (such as very low interest or no interest and aid nature) are generally used in poor areas. A kind of loan for relief projects. Mainly include German financial cooperation funds, Italian environmental loans, and Kuwait. Some projects also provide 100 soft loans or pure loans. 2. Mixed loans are commonly used in various countries to provide this kind of credit. The main countries that provide such loans are the Netherlands and Switzerland. The Dutch government provides a grant of 35% plus an export credit of 60%, and the Swiss government provides a grant of 40% plus an export credit of 60%. This type of loan usually requires two agreements to be signed, namely a grant. Loan agreements and export credit plus export credit, such as government loans in Spain, France, and Canada. The proportion of soft and hard loans is roughly 50%. Most government loans belong to this category. The third type is preferential loans, including loans from Austria, Israel and four Nordic countries such as the Nordic Investment Bank

Characteristics of government loans

1. Long loan term and low interest rate. Government loans with bilateral economic assistance generally contain a 25-year grant. According to World Bank statistics, the average term of government loans in various countries in the world was 30.5 years and the interest rate was 3. Project related. For example: for large-scale development projects such as sanitation.

3. Sometimes the purchase restrictions must be paid with part or all of the loan. 4. Government loans. The scale of the GDP, fiscal balance and international balance of payments will not be too large, and generally outside the politics of the two countries

2. How many types of Postal Savings Bank loans are there in 2020? ?

1. Syndicated loan

Syndicated loan refers to the participation of multiple banks or non-bank financial institutions approved to operate loan business, based on the same loan conditions and using the same loan agreement. A loan method that provides funds to the same borrower according to the agreed term and conditions. According to the different loan methods, syndicated loans are divided into direct syndicated loans, indirect syndicated loans and joint loans.

2. Real estate development loans<. /p>

Real estate development loans refer to loans issued by our bank to borrowers for the development, construction, sale, and rental of real estate projects to the market. The types of real estate development loans include both housing development loans and commercial loans. Real estate development loans. Development loans of various terms, amounts, and purposes can be provided.

3. Entrusted loans

Entrusted loans refer to entrusted loans by government departments, enterprises, institutions, and individuals. The Postal Savings Bank of China serves as the trustee (lender) and the domestic and foreign enterprises (institutions) or other economic organizations determined by the client act as borrowers. , interest rates and repayment methods, etc. are issued on your behalf, supervise the use, assist in recovering principal and interest, and collect handling fees

4. Enterprise loans

Postal Savings Bank of China small business loans refer to loans. Postal Savings Bank of China provides RMB guaranteed loans to small corporate customers for working capital needs for normal production and operation. Postal Savings Bank's small business loans have the characteristics of easy application, high approval efficiency, and flexible loan methods. It can adopt various guarantee methods such as land and property mortgages and policy guarantee company guarantees.

5. Second-hand housing loans

Personal housing mortgage loans refer to loans issued by the Postal Savings Bank to borrowers for the purchase of housing or commercial buildings. Applicable objects are natural persons aged 18-60 years old, with full capacity for civil conduct; with stable employment and income, the ability to repay, and good credit records.

3. Please briefly describe the types and characteristics of government loans.

The main types of government loans: 1. Pure soft loans are borrowed from international banks and foreign governments, with a long repayment period (such as 30-50 years), low interest or no interest, and are of an aid nature. , a type of loan generally used for relief projects in poor areas.

The main ones include German financial cooperation funds, Italian environmental protection loans, and Kuwait, South Korea, and Polish political loans. Spain also provides 100 soft loans or pure grants for some projects. 2. Mixed loan This is a loan method commonly used in various countries. The first is a grant plus export credit. Countries that provide this type of loan mainly include the Netherlands and Switzerland. The Dutch government provides a grant of 35% plus an export credit of 65%, and the Swiss government provides a grant of 40% plus an export credit of 60%. This type of loan usually requires signing of two agreements, namely a grant agreement and an export credit agreement. The second type is soft loans plus export credits, such as government loans from Spain, France, and Canada. The ratio of soft and hard loans is roughly 50/50. The interest rate for soft loans is generally lower than 1; the interest rate for hard loans is based on the International Commercial Reference Rate (CIRR). Most government loans belong to this type. The third type is preferential loans, including government loans from Austria, Israel and the four Nordic countries. 3. Special loans such as Nordic Investment Bank loans. Characteristics of government loans: 1. Long loan period and low interest rate. Government loans have the nature of bilateral economic assistance. According to international practice, government loans generally contain a 25% gift component. According to World Bank statistics, in 1978 the average term of government loans around the world was 30.5 years and the interest rate was 3. 2. Loans are linked to specialized projects. For example: used in large-scale development projects such as transportation, agriculture, and health in a country. 3. Sometimes purchase restrictive terms are stipulated. The so-called purchase restrictive clause means that the borrowing country must use part or all of the loan to purchase equipment from the country that provides the loan. 4. The scale of government loans will not be too large. Government loans are restricted by the gross national product, fiscal balance and international balance of payments of the lending country. The scale of government loans will not be too large, and they are generally carried out when the political and diplomatic relations between the two countries are good.

IV. Types of government loans

(1) Pure soft loans, that is, pure subsidized loans. Mainly include German financial cooperation funds, Italian environmental protection loans, and government loans from Kuwait, South Korea, and Poland. Spain also provides 100 soft loans or pure grants for some projects.

(2) Mixed loans, with a preferential degree between fiscal loans and general commercial loans, are a loan method commonly used in various countries. The first is a grant plus export credit. Countries that provide this type of loan mainly include the Netherlands and Switzerland. The Dutch government provides a grant of 35% plus an export loan of 65%, and the Swiss government provides a grant of 40% plus an export credit of 60%. This type of loan usually requires signing of two agreements, namely a grant agreement and an export credit agreement. The second type is soft loan plus export credit

(3) Special loan refers to a loan in a certain field or a specific project. This kind of loan has special regulations in terms of loan purpose, interest, loan period, etc. Such as the Nordic Investment Bank Climate Change Framework Loan.

(4) Promotional loan The interest rate of this type of loan is relatively high, but lower than the interest rate of ordinary commercial loans. Equipment and services are purchased through international competitive bidding, and the project is included in the bilateral government financial cooperation plan