According to the data disclosed by China Small and Medium Enterprises Association in February this year, by the end of 20 12, the overall scale of private lending market has exceeded 4 trillion yuan, which is close to one third of the total financing of130,000 small and medium-sized enterprises. Although bank credit is still the main financing channel for small and medium-sized enterprises, in the process of financing, the strict and complicated loan review standards and long loan review process of existing banks lead to financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Zhang Xiaoqing, deputy to the National People's Congress and marketing specialist of the Basic Equipment Department of He Shan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., said: "Enterprises have to borrow money from banks every year. My feeling is that state-owned enterprises are more likely to borrow money, while private enterprises are relatively difficult, and small and micro enterprises that have just started are far behind. "
Some small business leaders said that the private lending rate of 15% is relatively reasonable, but some interest rates are as high as 20% and 30%, and the money earned is not enough to repay the interest.
The deputies suggested that to make finance a pool of living water, banks, governments, regulatory agencies and other departments need to work together. The government should take the lead in building a good financial environment and give banks a "reassurance"; Establish a default customer information notification mechanism, and through the efforts of the government and regulatory authorities, timely transfer the default customer information to banks to form a good social credit environment; Further improve the property mortgage system and loan collateral identification methods, adopt movable property, accounts receivable, warehouse receipts, equity and intellectual property pledges, innovate the types of collateral, and take forest rights, mining rights, patents and trademarks as the main collateral to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Financial institutions should "deeply cultivate" the small and micro enterprise market, and relevant policies still need to be improved.
Qiao Zhiqiang, chairman of Hebei Bank, said that since the beginning of last year, Hebei Bank has actively exerted its comparative advantages such as being close to the market, having a short decision-making chain and being a first-class legal person. In view of the characteristics of "short, small, frequent and urgent" financing for small and micro enterprises, the focus of service has been lowered, and the small and micro enterprise market has been intensively cultivated, which not only promoted the development of small and micro enterprises, but also achieved controllable risks and rapid business growth, achieving a win-win situation for banks and enterprises.
According to the statistics of Bank of Hebei, by the end of last year, the balance of SME loans in Bank of Hebei was 4190.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.872 billion yuan or 30.82% compared with the beginning of last year, and the proportion of total loans increased from 54.63% of 20 1 to 67.45% at the end of last year.
According to the data of Agricultural Bank of China, by the end of last year, there were 226,000 credit customers of small and micro enterprises, an increase of 72,000 compared with the beginning of the year, with a loan balance of 8 133 billion yuan, an increase of1576.5438+0 billion yuan compared with the beginning of the year, an increase of 46.9 billion yuan year-on-year, and a loan growth rate of 23.94%. At the same time, the non-performing loans of small and micro enterprises achieved a "double decline".
Zhou Xinsheng, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Changan Bank, believes that at present, problems such as high operating pressure, rising costs and financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises are still outstanding, and further support is needed.
Zhou Xinsheng suggested that the interest income of financial institutions supporting small and micro enterprises should be reduced or exempted from business tax; When calculating the income tax on its interest income, reduce the income tax rate or reduce the taxable income according to a certain proportion; Extend the policy period of "the loan contract signed by financial institutions and small and micro enterprises is exempt from stamp duty"; Extend the pre-tax deduction policy of loan loss reserve for small and medium-sized enterprises in financial institutions. For financial institutions whose loan balance and the number of customers reach a certain proportion and achieve the goal of "two no less than" for two consecutive years, relax the restrictions on institutional access, promote the green approval channel for newly established institutions, and promote the establishment of institutions across regions; It is suggested that small and micro enterprise loans should not be included in the quota management in loan-to-deposit ratio, so as to avoid the lack of motivation for banks to lend to small and micro enterprises in the context of economic contraction and tight bank liquidity.
Establish a risk dispersion and compensation mechanism for financing guarantee industry to prevent risk agglomeration.
Financing guarantee institutions are credit intermediaries that provide credit enhancement services for small and medium-sized enterprises, and are an important starting point for the government to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises under the conditions of market economy. In recent years, the central and local governments have attached great importance to its development.
Zhang Zexi, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of Zhejiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference, said that in Zhejiang, where the private economy is developed, the private economy accounts for about 80% of the total, with more than 33,000 small and medium-sized enterprises and more than 2 million small and micro enterprises, but there are only 960 small and medium-sized financial organizations of various local legal persons, including 34 small loan companies/kloc-0 and 402 financing guarantee institutions, and the business volume of private financial institutions only accounts for 28% of the total business of financial institutions in the province.
Wang Limin, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, suggested that according to the risk diversification mechanism of the insurance industry, a special fund for risk diversification of financing guarantee business should be set up at the national level or support funds for small and medium-sized enterprises should be integrated, a national re-guarantee company should be set up, or local re-guarantee institutions should be involved to make risk compensation for local re-guarantee institutions, and guide and promote the gradual establishment of a re-guarantee system covering the whole country; Promote banking financial institutions to share the risk responsibility of financing guarantee business in proportion from the national level, and promote banking financial institutions to strengthen credit management and strengthen the prevention and control of financing guarantee risks; The central government lowered the support funds for small and medium-sized enterprises to support local governments at all levels to establish risk compensation funds for financing guarantee business, mobilized financing guarantee companies to increase their enthusiasm for serving small and micro enterprises and "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and effectively prevented risk agglomeration.