In financing transactions, investors must pay a certain margin to the securities company and incorporate a certain amount of funds into the trading behavior of buying stocks. The deposit submitted by investors to securities companies can be cash or securities that can be used to pay the deposit. Then, after the securities company gives credit to investors, investors can buy the securities in the list of financing targets published by stock exchanges and securities companies within the credit line. If the price of securities rises, they will be sold at a higher price. At this time, investors can only make a profit by returning the arrears. If the price of securities falls, the funds are used to buy securities, which requires investors to replenish funds to return the securities, and investors will lose money. In securities lending transactions, investors pay a certain margin to the securities company as a guarantee for its debts. Securities trading provides investors with a new way to make profits and a way to avoid risks. If investors expect the price of securities to fall soon, they can borrow securities and sell them, and then make a profit by buying and returning them at a lower price; Or sell through short selling to hedge the price fluctuation of the securities already held, so as to hedge.

Loan (electronic IOU credit loan) is simply understood as borrowing money with interest.

Loan is a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. Banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out through loans, which can meet the needs of expanding social reproduction and promoting economic development. At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation.

principle

"Three natures" refer to safety, liquidity and efficiency, which are the basic principles of commercial banks' loan operation. Article 4 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank stipulates: "Commercial banks should operate independently, bear their own risks, be responsible for their own profits and losses, and manage themselves by themselves in accordance with the principles of safety, liquidity and efficiency."

1, loan security is the primary problem faced by commercial banks;

2. Liquidity refers to the ability to recover the loan within a predetermined period of time or realize it quickly without loss of land, so as to meet the demand of customers for withdrawing deposits at any time;

3. Efficiency is the basis of sustainable operation of banks.

For example, if long-term loans are issued, the interest rate will be higher than short-term loans, and the benefits will be good. However, if the loan term is long, the risks will increase, the security will decrease and the liquidity will weaken. Therefore, the "three natures" should be harmonious, and the loan can be without problems.