Deposits
Banks support the business activities of firms and banks through deposits. Taking Rishengchang Bank Qingjiangpu Branch Xianfeng 2 years (1852) as an example, loans were made to firms:
Yufeng No.5 Bank earned 7% in February
Fengxing Dianyin earned 7% in 2
Yutai Dianyin earned 6% in February 2 < At first, the bank's capital was weak and it had to borrow from the bank. The bank is willing to support the bank to accommodate public funds from all over the country; Bankers rely on the bank number as the backing, which can obtain private credit and facilitate business. The nature, organization and business scope of the bank and the bank are different and can complement each other. The nature of the bank is exchange, and the bank number is exchange; The business scope of the money house is limited to the local area, and there are no branches in other places, and the ticket numbers are distributed in major commercial ports all over the country; The deposits of banks are mainly official funds, and the loans are only lent to banks, officials and well-off firms, while the deposits of banks are targeted at ordinary businessmen; Banks discount, exchange, buy and sell gold and silver, exchange bills, etc., and the ticket numbers are not both; Banks are handed over to officials and paper money is issued. Money pays attention to social credit and does not issue paper money. This is the place where banks and banks divide and connect with each other. Banks concentrate on dealing with exchanges between different places, and gradually cede local businesses to banks. In some places, the total number of banks and banks are separated, and the neighboring well-off banks are entrusted as agents.
Lending
By the late 198s, Shanxi Bank began to lend money to modern industrial and commercial industries in addition to commercial lending to private banks. Although the number is small, it is undoubtedly positive. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), the China Railway Company with Li Hongzhang as its background turned to Shanxi Bank for help in building the Jingu Railway. At the beginning of the 2th century, Shanxi draft banks made great contributions to the national struggle to recover railways and mines. For example, during the establishment of Baojin Mining Company in Shanxi to redeem the mining rights of Shanxi from British Fu Company, Shanxi Bank had paid 1.52 million pieces of silver for redemption, and was the main shareholder of Baojin Mining Company. During the construction of Tongpu Railway, which runs through Shanxi Province, a loan of 572, yuan was obtained from Shanxi Bank, accounting for 7% of the total loan of 722, yuan. There are 3.1 million taels of shares in Chuanhan Railway, of which 1.6 million shares are deposited by Shanxi Sanjinyuan, Xietongqing, Tianchengheng, Weichanghou, Weifuhou and Xintaihou, indicating that there is a financing relationship between Shanxi banks and commercial railways. Shanxi draft bank also received shares and offered shares on behalf of modern enterprises. In the 3th year of Guangxu (194), the Dadetong Bank once offered shares for Henan Junyao Magnetic Industry Company in Kaifeng, Shanghai, Hankou and Beijing. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (196), Rishengchang and other banks used to collect and store shares for Henan Guangyi Spinning Company.
When Jing Yin
Xianfeng was exchanged, the Taiping Army and the Qing Army entered the decisive battle stage. In eight years (1858), the Taiping Army destroyed the camp in the north of the Yangtze River, and in ten years (186), it broke the camp in the south of the Yangtze River and occupied Suzhou. The two armies fought fiercely in Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places, and the Nian Army was active in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces. In this case, the provinces and customs have been unable to send Beijing reimbursement according to the old practice. For example, in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), the provinces should have delivered 7 million taels of Beijing symphony, but only 1 million taels were actually delivered. As a last resort, the Qing government in December, the first year of Tongzhi (1862), made the provincial governors try to exchange the money from Beijing. In the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Hunan paid 52, yuan in Beijing to the Weitaihou and Xintaihou banks in the provincial capital, which were run by Shanxi businessmen. That year, the 42, silver project in Sichuan was handed over to Yuanfeng Jiupiao, a merchant in Shanxi, for exchange because of "rampant thieves and robbers in Shaanxi Province". In June of that year, Hubei Province raised 32, yuan from Jianghan Customs to collect foreign taxes. "Due to the obstruction of Zhili Road, it was still paid by Han Town Weitaihou Bank". In August of that year, more than 1, taels of money, such as Diding, salt, soil tax, customs duties, etc., were "remitted separately in banks such as Weitaihou and Yuanfengjiu in Hanzhen". In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), all the Li bureaus mentioned forty-two thousand taels of salt, twelve thousand taels of salt tax and twelve thousand taels of silver released by the treasurer, and sixty-two thousand taels of silver, which were collected in the second year of Tongzhi. "The committee members will exchange all the silver mentioned in the preceding paragraph for Xietongqing, Weifeng, Yuanfengjiu, Tianchengheng, Guangju and Yuanfengjiu. (Historical Materials of Shanxi Draft Bank, Shanxi People's Publishing House, 199) In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), Zhejiang will pay 32, yuan from Zhejiang Customs to Shanxi Draft Bank for remittance. During the Gengzi Incident in the 26th year of Guangxu (19), the Western Empress Dowager fled through Shanxi with Emperor Guangxu in her arms, and once stayed at the Dadetong Bank in Qixian County, which lent 42, yuan to the Qing court. In the Qing court, because of the rough roads, most of the western merchants' draft banks were in Shanxi Province, so they ordered the provinces to change their Beijing salaries to the total number of draft banks in Shanxi Province. For example, Governor Yu Liansan of Hunan raised 112, yuan and transferred it to nine banks in Shanxi, such as Rishengchang, Tianchengheng, Baichuantong, Xintai Hou, Weifuhua, Weishengchang, Xietongqing and Ganchengheng, for remittance to Pingyao, Shanxi. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (191), Jiangxi borrowed 33,3 taels of silver as Zhili silver, which was remitted from Shanxi draft bank Wei Changhou and Xintai Hou to Jianghai Guandao Yamen for remittance to Zhili. The following is the statistics of Shanxi draft banks' exchange of Beijing, Xiang and Yin from the first year of Tongzhi (1862) to the nineteenth year of Guangxu (1893): ("Historical Materials of Shanxi Draft Banks", Shanxi People's Publishing House, 199)
Tongzhi first year (1862) 12,
Tongzhi h year (1863) 1,392,
Tongzhi three years (1864) 562,
Tongzhi four years (1865) 1,282,
Banknote
. Year (187) 372,
Tongzhi ten years (1871) 152,
Tongzhi eleven years (1872) 2.832 million
Tongzhi twelve years (1873) 1.55 million
Tongzhi thirteen years (1874) 12,
Guangxu first year. 22,
1.79 million in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879)
2.96 million in the sixth year of Guangxu (188)
2.4 million in the seventh year of Guangxu (1881)
1.43 million in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882)
221 in the ninth year of Guangxu (1883). > 13th year of Guangxu (1887) 12,
14th year of Guangxu (1888) 12,
15th year of Guangxu (1889) 1.52 million
16th year of Guangxu (189) 3.29 million
17th year of Guangxu (1891) 2.9 million
18th year of Guangxu.
Remittance of coastal defense funds
At the same time, the Westernization Movement launched by the Westernization School of the Qing government was launched in an all-round way, and coastal defense was planned and warships were purchased. The coastal defense funds mostly depend on the assistance of various provinces and are remitted by Shanxi draft bank. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Jiangxi put forward 52, yuan under Likin as a coastal defense fund and handed it over to Qian Jisheng and Sanjinyuan banks in Nanchang for remittance to Tianjin. In the third year (1877), another 12, yuan was transferred from Lijin to Sanjinyuan Bank for remittance to Beiyang and 12, yuan to Xintai Thick Bank for remittance to Fujian. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), General Fuzhou raised 122, silver from the foreign medicine Lijin, handed it over to Shanxi ticket dealer Xintai Hou and others, and sent it to the naval yamen for acceptance. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang levied a local medicine tax of 6,439 taels of silver and handed it over to Wei Changhou, a ticket dealer in Shanxi, for remittance to the naval yamen. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Sichuan handed over 1, taels of silver to nine banks, including Baichuantong and Rishengchang, and remitted them to the Navy yamen for settlement. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Hunan collected and donated 19,82 taels of disaster silver, and handed it over to Shanxi Draft Bank Xietongqing, which was the equivalent of taking charge of Jiang Jie's naval yamen. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Jiangxi Jiaoqian Jisheng and Sanjinyuan banks each paid 25, taels of silver to Li Hongzhang, Minister of Coastal Defence Zhili in Beiyang, Tianjin. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), 12, yuan from Lijin was remitted to Li Hongzhang, Tianjin Beiyang Zhili Minister, and 12, yuan from Xintai Hou was remitted to Fujian Fuchen Yamen. In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), Guangdong borrowed 52, yuan from Shanxi draft bank Baichuantong to wire the Beiyang Minister Yamen.
exchange railway funds
Railway construction in Guangxu was an important part of the Westernization Movement. The Qing court was wary of Russia's construction of the Far East Railway, so it decided to build the Kanto Railway, and stipulated that each province should allocate 52 thousand silver and 16 provinces * * * 82 thousand silver for the construction of the railway. In the 16th year of Guangxu (189), Li Hanzhang, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, remitted 52, yuan of railway funds, and sent them to Shanxi banks, such as Baichuantong, Rishengchang, Weitaihou, Weishengchang and Xintaihou, for remittance to Beijing. In the 16th year of Guangxu (189), Sichuan handed over 52, pieces of silver to Rishengchang for exchange on the 9th. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Hunan Communications Association celebrated 22, yuan, Baichuantong 15, yuan and Weitaihou 15, yuan. In that year, Huguang should pay 32, yuan for the Kanto Railway and send it to the Shanxi draft bank Baichuan Tonghui and Minister Beiyang. There are also railway funds that Anhui should pay for. Generally speaking, during the 16th to 19th years of Guangxu (189-1893), the funds for the railway exchange of Shanxi banks were more than 22, yuan.
Remittance of reimbursement
After Beijing reimbursement is remitted by Shanxi draft bank, reimbursement is also remitted by Shanxi draft bank. For example, in the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Zhi (1865), Hedong Road in Shanxi Province should pay eighty-two thousand silver for three times in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, all of which were remitted by Pingyao ticket merchants in Shanxi Province. In the same year, he was given twenty-two thousand dollars in reimbursement, and handed over to the Shanxi draft bank Yuanfengjiu for remittance to Shaanxi Fanku. In the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Sichuan allocated 22, yuan to Shaanxi for remittance. In the 17th year of Guangxu (1891), Zhejiang became a prosperous city, and Yinwu was remitted to Guangxi in two places. In the 16th year of Guangxu (189), Huguang remitted 12, yuan to Guangdong. In the fourth year of Guangxu (1878), Jiangxi Jiaowei Changhou paid 12, yuan for Ili. In six years (188), Jiangxi handed over twelve thousand pieces of Weichang thick silver to Baotou Bureau for transfer. During Guangxu period, Guangdong Customs handed in Zhi Cheng Xin and Xie Cheng Gan remitted Urumqi Xie Xiang 9615 Liang, and in Guangxu period (1879), Guangdong handed in Yuan Feng 912 Liang to remit Shanxi Guisui Road to Wuliyasutai. In the same year, Guangdong Jiaozhi Chengxin BankNo. 125 was remitted to Chahar DuDu Yamen and transferred to Cobdo. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Jiangxi paid 12, yuan as the annual salary of Fengtian Bingxu to Wei Changhou and remitted it to the yamen of Shengjing Household Department. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), Jiangxi paid 15, yuan to Shengjing. According to incomplete statistics, from the first year of Guangxu to the 19th year (1875-1893), during the 19th year, the exchange reimbursement of Shanxi draft bank was 1.23 million yuan, with an average of 542, yuan per year.
Remittance of funds for river works
The amount of funds for river works in Qing Dynasty was very large, and Shanxi draft banks were responsible for the exchange, which made Shanxi draft banks benefit greatly. For example, in the twelfth year of the reign of Emperor Zhi (1873), Guangdong's river engineering funds of 12, yuan were remitted to Shanxi's draft bank, Xiechenggan, Weichanghou and Zhixin. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), Guangdong and Guangxi remitted 219, taels of silver for three times, handed it over to Shanxi draft bank, Zhi Chengxin, and Xie Chenggan for exchange, and then transferred it to Tianjin Branch Office to explain the application of Henan river engineering.
Relief
In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Shanxi was hit by a drought, and 12, pieces of silver were raised by Jiangsu to be remitted to the Shanxi Governor's yamen by Baichuantong and Weishengchang banks. In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Zhili was flooded, and Guangdong transferred 2229, a two-way ticket number in Shanxi, from Baichuan to Tianjin, to the disaster area. In the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), Shandong suffered a disaster, and it was transferred from Shanghai to Shanxi Xintaihou with a draft number of 5 Liang and Yuanfengjiu with a draft number of 3 Liang.
Borrowing money to teach
As early as the 184s, Guangdong local financial institutions had a loan relationship with Shanxi Bank. "After dealing with foreign affairs in the 2th year of Daoguang (1842), ... Francisco and Ku were short of money ... and borrowed from western businesses", but this kind of loan was "revolving loan and revolving return, and there is no record". (Volume 12 of "Examination on the Storage of Eastern Guangdong Feudals" is quoted from Zhang Guohui's "Historical Research on the Development of China's Banking Industry in the Second Half of the 19th Century", No.2, 1985) In the 195s, due to the uprising of the peasant army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Guangdong's finance was in a very embarrassing situation, and from then on, it paid for Beijing's expenses and borrowed more from the banking companies. As in the third year of the reign of Emperor Zhi (1864), Guangdong Customs borrowed 52, taels of silver from Shanxi Bankers' Association Chenggan and more than 5, taels of silver from Zhichengxin Bankers' Association, which was promoted and repaid by tax. In the 3th year of Guangxu (194), Cen Chunxuan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, wrote: firstly, 228,135 taels of silver should be paid, which has been borrowed by Shanxi ticket merchants and remitted to Beijing by Zhi Chengxin and Xie Chenggan. During the Tongzhi period, Zuo Zongtang, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, made a western expedition to raise the salary, and Guangdong raised 62 thousand silver under the lijin project and borrowed 62 thousand from Shanxi ticket merchants. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), Guangdong released the fourth batch of Beijing salaries and borrowed 166, taels from Shanxi ticket dealers Zhi Chengxin, Xie Chenggan, Qian Jisheng and Yuan Fengjiu. In the fifth year of Guangxu (1879), Guangdong should pay the third batch of Beijing salaries and borrow 242, taels of silver from Shanxi ticket dealers Zhi Chengxin, Xie Chenggan and Yuan Fengjiu. In the 29th year of Guangxu (193), the divisions and brigades in Guangxi were starved and badly in need of military pay. However, Guangxi's treasury was empty, and Guangdong's funding was limited, and it borrowed 122, silver from Shanxi ticket merchants to help. In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), Guangdong borrowed 22, silver from Rishengchang, Weitaihou, Weichanghou and Xintaihou banks, as the second batch of Taiping customs duties, which were remitted to Beijing by the banks. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (191), the compensation was newly determined. Sichuan sent 2.2 million taels of silver every year, which was evenly distributed for 12 times every month. By the twenty-ninth year (193), it had borrowed 32, taels of silver from Shanxi ticket merchants, and the settlement period was forced. After that, it borrowed 186,345 taels of silver from Shanxi ticket merchants and sent it to Shanxi Ticket Merchants Association for exchange, which was remitted to Huijiang Customs at the end of the year. As the 3th year of Guangxu in Sichuan Province (193) In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), Huai 'an Pass in Jiangsu borrowed 12, silver from Shanxi Sanjinyuan Bank and delivered it to the inland transportation. In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), Shanxi Province borrowed 212, yuan from more than 4 banks in Pingyao and other counties due to the long-term shortage of warehouses. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), the draft bank of Hunan to Shanxi was Tianchengheng, and Xietongqing took measures to pay 48, Liang. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), Gan Jun returned from Beijing to Gansu Road and borrowed thirty-two thousand pieces of silver from Pingyao. In the 3th year of Guangxu (194), Fengtian Official Salt Bureau borrowed 22, silver from Shanxi ticket dealer Heshengyuan for turnover.
Remittance to boxer indemnity
In the 27th year of Guangxu reign (191), Li Hongzhang, on behalf of the Qing government, signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" with foreign invaders, which stipulated that 45 million yuan of war reparations should be paid to all countries, with an annual interest of 4%, and the principal and interest should be paid off in 39 years. In order to pay compensation, the Qing government except from the country