The risks of real estate mortgage loan are as follows: 1. Default risk Default risk includes compulsory default and rational default. Compulsory breach of contract refers to the passive behavior of the borrower, and the theory of ability to pay holds that compulsory breach of contract is caused by insufficient ability to pay. This shows that the borrower has the willingness to repay, but has no ability to repay. Rational breach of contract refers to the borrower's active breach of contract. According to the equity theory, in a perfect capital market, the borrower can only make a decision whether to breach the contract by comparing the unique rights and interests in his house with the size of mortgage debt. When the real estate market price rises, the borrower can transfer the house to pay off the loan, recover the cost and get a certain profit; When the real estate market price drops, in order to pass on the loss, even if he has the ability to repay, the borrower voluntarily defaults and refuses to repay. Two. Liquidity risk Liquidity risk refers to the risk that short-term funds and long-term loans are difficult to realize, and liquidity is an important principle for banks to ensure asset quality. Today, liquidity risk is reflected in two aspects. First, at present, China's housing loans mainly come from provident fund and savings deposits. Savings deposits absorbed by banks belong to short-term deposits, generally only three to five years, while housing mortgage loans belong to long-term loans. This short-term deposit and long-term loan behavior makes the liquidity of banks very low, which in turn brings liquidity risks. Second, the assets and creditor's rights held by banks are not easy to be realized, which easily leads to liquidity risk. In this way, banks may lose more favorable investment opportunities in the financial market and increase the losses caused by opportunity costs. 3. Economic cycle risk Economic cycle risk refers to the risk generated in the process of repeated fluctuations in the overall level of the national economy. Compared with other industries, the real estate industry is more sensitive to the economic cycle. With the economic expansion, the income level of residents has improved, and the market demand for real estate has increased, so it is not a problem to realize the house. Banks and individuals are full of optimistic expectations for the future, and the number of housing mortgage loans issued by banks has also increased dramatically. The economy is depressed, the unemployment rate is rising, the income of residents is sharply reduced, and a large number of loans cannot be repaid. Even if the house has been mortgaged to the bank, it cannot be realized because of the weakness of the real estate industry. At this time, the mortgage risk is transformed into the bad creditor's rights and losses of the bank, and the bank faces a large number of "bad debts", which can easily lead to the credit crisis or even bankruptcy of the bank. Four. Interest rate risk Interest rate risk refers to the risk brought by the change of interest rate level to the value of bank assets, which is determined by the capital structure of its short-term deposits and long-term loans. Fluctuations in interest rates, whether rising or falling, will bring losses to banks. If the interest rate rises, the interest rate of housing mortgage loans will also increase, which may increase the repayment pressure of borrowers. The higher the loan amount, the longer the loan term and the greater the impact, thus increasing the risk of default. If the interest rate falls, the borrower may borrow from the current capital market or borrow again at a low interest rate to repay the loan in advance, which will bring risks to the bank. The main performance is that the occurrence of early loans makes the cash flow of housing loans uncertain, which brings certain difficulties to the intensive assets and liabilities of banks. Precautions for housing mortgage loan: 1. Only collateral can be used for loans, and the sum of loan amount and interest during the loan period cannot exceed1/2 of the assessed value of collateral; 2. Have a long-term and stable income source, enough to pay the monthly loan principal and interest; 3. Guarantor; 4. The loan needs to pay lawyer's witness fee, mortgage registration fee, mortgage insurance fee and property appraisal fee. 5. The processing time of general housing mortgage loan is about 1 month.