The difference between interbank lending and interbank lending is that interbank lending includes interbank lending, and the scope of interbank lending is greater than interbank lending.
I. Main forms of interbank lending
The main form of interbank lending is interbank lending. Inter-bank lending refers to inter-bank RMB lending between commercial banks for 4 months to 3 years, which is a common financial tool for foreign financial institutions to raise RMB funds.
Second, the interbank lending market has the following characteristics:
1. First, the term of financing funds is short, and the longest term of interbank lending funds in China is 4 months (Article 46 of the revised Commercial Bank Law cancels the stipulation that the lending period should not exceed 4 months), because interbank lending funds are mainly used for short-term and temporary capital needs of financial institutions;
2. The participants in interbank lending are commercial banks and other financial institutions. The institutions involved in lending basically open deposit accounts in the central bank, and the main transaction in the lending market is the surplus funds deposited by financial institutions in this account;
3. Interbank lending is basically credit lending, and lending activities are carried out among financial institutions, with strict market access conditions. Financial institutions mainly participate in lending activities with their reputation.
4. The interest rate is relatively low. Generally speaking, the interbank lending rate is based on the central bank's refinancing rate and rediscount rate, and then freely agreed by both borrowers and lenders according to the tension of social funds and the relationship between supply and demand. Because both borrowers and borrowers are commercial banks or other financial institutions, their credit standing is higher than that of ordinary industrial and commercial enterprises, the lending risk is smaller and the lending period is shorter, so the interest rate level is lower.
Three. Interbank lending transaction type:
(1) position borrowing, usually daily borrowing.
(2) Inter-bank lending, its term is relatively short, ranging from a few days to a year.
Four. Transaction mode of interbank borrowing:
Interbank lending is generally carried out through the deposit reserve account of commercial banks in the central bank, and by telephone or telex between lending banks in the following three ways:
(1) Require the borrowing bank to directly contact another commercial bank and conduct transactions;
(2) Facilitate the negotiation between borrowers and lenders through the intermediary of brokers;
(3) Deal is made through communication with the agent bank, that is, the borrower and the lender notify the agent bank by phone, and the agent bank handles the transaction. The general process is that the lending bank informs the central bank to transfer funds from its reserve account to the lending bank account, and the central bank debits and credits the bank account to complete the loan process.
What is interbank lending? What is the difference between interbank lending and interbank lending?
Interbank lending refers to interbank RMB lending between commercial banks for 4 months to 3 years (including 3 years), which is a common financial tool for foreign financial institutions to raise RMB funds.
Difference:
1. Interbank lending and interbank lending are inclusive: the main form of interbank lending is interbank lending. In addition, there are refinancing and refinancing. Specifically, it includes three forms: interbank lending, refinancing and refinancing.
2. Time limit:
(1) Interbank lending is a short-term loan between banks, which is mainly used for temporary position adjustment and daily use. This kind of borrowing usually lasts for one day, so it is called "today's currency". The interbank lending rate is low, and the financing object, amount and time are flexible.
(2) China's interbank lending is divided into interbank position lending within 7 days (including 7 days) and interbank short-term lending within 7 days to 4 months (including 4 months).
(3) Interbank lending refers to RMB interbank lending between commercial banks for 4 months to 3 years (including 3 years).
Extended data
I. Use of interbank loans
1. In order to make up for the shortage of statutory deposit reserve, most of these loans are daily loans.
2. In order to meet the seasonal capital demand of banks, it is generally necessary to carry out it through the interbank lending market. Inter-bank lending is more flexible and simpler than borrowing from the central bank.
Second, the history of interbank lending.
1, China's interbank lending market began with the reform of credit fund management system in 1984. 65438-0986 The establishment of local interbank markets and swap centers in some cities was only a pilot at that time, and it was promoted nationwide after success.
2. China unified interbank lending trading system was put into trial operation on June 3rd 1996, and officially opened in June of the same year. The system is divided into two trading networks: the first level and the second level. The trading entities entering the primary network are the head offices of commercial banks with independent legal personality approved by the People's Bank of China, as well as financing centers in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and cities with separate plans, including 20 commercial banks and 35 financing centers.
3. It uses the computer network in China for trading. The secondary network is led by 35 financing centers established by the branches of the People's Bank of China in various provinces and cities, and the transaction subject is the branches authorized by the head office of commercial banks.
4. Financial trust and investment companies, cooperative banks, urban and rural credit cooperatives, financial leasing companies, enterprise group finance companies and insurance companies that have opened accounts in the local people's bank (they can only be dismantled, but not dismantled) continue to receive quotations from financial institutions in the province through the financing center, constantly balancing on the spot.
5. In the case that the local market cannot be balanced, report the balance to the first-level outlets, and report all transaction information such as trading banks, quantity, term and interest rate to the first-level outlets. At the same time, the quotation of the primary network will be transmitted to the provincial institutions, and the loan interest rates of the primary network and the secondary network will be kept roughly the same.
Three, the other two forms of interbank loans are mortgage loans and cash loans.
1. Mortgage loan means that a commercial bank applies for a mortgage loan from its peers when it is in temporary difficulties. As collateral is mostly submitted by industrial and commercial customers of banks to borrow mortgage loans, such loans are called "re-mortgage".
2. The rediscount loan is similar to the former, except that the unexpired bills received by the bank for customers are resold to the peers instead of paying the collateral.
3. In view of the strict control of the latter two types of loans by the financial authorities, and the accumulation of these two types of loans is easily linked with the deterioration of bank operation and self-confidence, banks rarely use these two types of loans.
Four, there are two kinds of interest rates in the interbank lending market, the interest rate refers to the interest rate that financial institutions are willing to lend; The loan interest rate indicates the interest rate you are willing to lend.
1. For direct transactions, the loan interest rate shall be determined by both parties through direct negotiation; In the case of indirect transactions, the loan interest rate is determined by public bidding or intermediary agencies according to the supply and demand relationship of borrowing funds. After the loan interest rate is determined, both parties to the loan transaction can only be the recipients of this established interest rate level.
2. At present, there are four representative interbank lending rates in the international money market: US Federal Funds Rate, London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), Singapore Interbank Offered Rate and Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate.
3. Interbank Offered Rate is the capital price in the lending market, the core interest rate in the money market and the representative interest rate in the whole financial market. It can timely, sensitively and accurately reflect the short-term capital supply and demand relationship in the money market and even the whole financial market.
4. When the interbank lending rate continues to rise, it reflects that the demand for funds is greater than the supply, which indicates that the market liquidity may decline. When the interbank lending rate drops, the situation is just the opposite.