Affordable housing project refers to the housing provided by the government in the process of implementing classified security for low-and middle-income families, which has the nature of social security by limiting the supply target, construction standard, sales price or rent standard. At present, China's affordable housing projects mainly include: low-rent housing, public rental housing, affordable housing, and price-limited commercial housing. Promoting the construction of affordable housing projects on a large scale is an important measure taken by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to promote scientific development, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, and ensure and improve people's livelihood. In 211, the General Office of the State Council issued the document "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on the Construction and Management of Affordable Housing Projects" (Guo Ban Fa [211] No.45), aiming at comprehensively promoting the construction of affordable housing projects and strengthening and standardizing the management of affordable housing. Strengthening the construction of affordable housing projects is a major measure to protect and improve people's livelihood, which is related to the overall economic and social development. In recent years, the Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the Central Committee, the Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, continuously increased the construction of affordable housing projects, and further improved the housing security system. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the construction management of affordable housing projects in Hangzhou, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the construction management.

I. Current situation of construction and management of affordable housing projects in Hangzhou

After more than 1 years of practical exploration and institutional innovation, Hangzhou has built a "four-in-one" housing security system, including affordable housing, low-rent housing, public rental housing and demolition and resettlement housing, which has solved the housing difficulties of a large number of families and achieved remarkable results in housing security.

data show that by the end of 211, the total number of affordable housing in the main urban area of Hangzhou was 9,316,6 square meters, 7,769,3 square meters was completed, and 5,578,1 square meters were put out, benefiting 68,288 families, accounting for 1.1% of the total number of households in the main urban area at the end of 211. A total of 32, square meters of low-rent housing has been built in the main city, with more than 6,2 sets, and 145,8 square meters and nearly 2,7 sets have been completed and delivered, with a total of 1,586 households guaranteed, accounting for 1.55% of the total number of households in the main city at the end of 211. In the main urban area (excluding Xiaoshan and Yuhang), the total number of public rental houses has reached 2,23,3 square meters, with 652,1 square meters completed, and 8,513 houses have been put out, accounting for 1.25% of the total number of households in the main urban area at the end of 211. While building affordable housing projects, Hangzhou is also actively improving dilapidated houses. By the end of 211, the renovation of dilapidated houses in Hangzhou City has reached 1.77 million square meters, benefiting 35, original families, accounting for 5.13% of the total number of households in the main city at the end of 211.

the construction of affordable housing projects in Hangzhou has brought about a rapid change in the city's appearance, a marked improvement in the living environment and an increasing sense of well-being among the citizens, making Hangzhou "the top ten livable cities in China" and "the happiest city in China".

second, the problems existing in the construction and management of affordable housing projects

for more than p>1 years, the Hangzhou municipal government has continuously improved the system construction of affordable housing projects and increased investment, and achieved certain results. However, from the actual situation, there are still some problems as follows.

1. The security system is not clear enough

From the original "six-bedroom" housing security system to the current "four-in-one" system in Hangzhou, due to the different policies and distribution systems followed by different types of affordable housing, under the lack of top-level design of housing security, the institutional obstacles to the integration of resources for affordable housing construction have been formed, and it is generally felt that it is difficult to get through funds and policies. At present, the management system of affordable housing construction mostly comes from three orientations: one is goal orientation, that is, to formulate corresponding policies according to the tasks assigned by the government at the next higher level or the plans arranged by the government at the same level in order to achieve the established goals; The second is problem-oriented, that is, formulate corresponding countermeasures according to the problems that arise, and constantly improve existing policies or introduce new policies to solve problems; The third is operation orientation, that is, it tends to be operational between rationality and operability, so as to establish a more operational construction management system. Under the influence of these three orientations, the current system is generally built from bottom to top, from part to whole, which has certain advantages in solving detailed problems, but the systemic nature of the whole system has obvious defects.

2. The demand for security is not clear enough

At present, the construction department of Hangzhou mainly refers to the following basis when compiling the annual construction plan of affordable housing projects: first, the annual construction tasks that must be completed by the higher authorities; second, the annual construction plans voluntarily declared by the district, county (city) governments (management committees) and municipal construction entities; and third, the actual situation of land use and prophase of each project. The reference basis of the above-mentioned annual plan of affordable housing projects is from the perspective of the construction department, but not from the perspective of consumers, that is, from the perspective of demand, which leads to some practical problems such as the disconnection between supply and demand and the lack of overall planning of resources in the city's affordable housing projects built according to the plan. From the interview with the construction units of affordable housing projects, it is found that the supply and demand of affordable housing projects are out of line in actual work, resulting in some vacant affordable housing.

3. Lack of guarantee in planning and management

Although the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Housing Security and Real Estate Development in Hangzhou has been issued, the total amount of land for the construction of affordable housing projects has been required, but the actual implementation effect is not satisfactory due to insufficient connection with urban planning and rapid changes in the situation. First, the security object changes dynamically and lacks scientific prediction. With the development of social economy, the scale of the security object is a dynamic concept, and the relevant policies of affordable housing are constantly being optimized and adjusted. Therefore, it is difficult to scientifically predict the scale of affordable housing in the medium and long term and to guide the arrangement of affordable housing in space. Second, the system has not been straightened out, and the planning authority needs to be strengthened. At present, the planning, management and approval of Xiaoshan District and Yuhang District are basically implemented at the district level, and there are some problems in the connection and implementation of the planning, such as difficulty in coordination and implementation. For example, in 26, Xiaoshan District and Yuhang District, which were determined in the development plan of residential areas in Hangzhou, each had 2 square kilometers of land for affordable housing, but so far they have not been substantially started. Third, the land in the main city is tight, and the construction of sub-city groups is slow. With the development of the main city, the land space for development and construction is becoming more and more tense. Compared with the main city, the supporting facilities of the sub-city group are not enough, the regional land use conditions, transportation and municipal supporting construction are slow to implement, and it is difficult to meet the basic requirements of building affordable housing. In addition, due to the rapid development of urbanization in Hangzhou, the demand for urban construction land is increasing, and the construction of affordable housing projects is large. However, the shortage of affordable housing construction land, lack of indicators and difficulty in land acquisition have aggravated the difficulty of affordable housing construction land.

4. The comprehensive supporting facilities are lagging behind

According to the field investigation, the vast majority of affordable housing projects in Hangzhou are located on the edge of the city, such as Beijingyuan, Sandun urban water town, Ding Qiao large residential area, etc. Although this construction mode has promoted the spatial transfer of urban population and eased the living pressure in the city center, it has also led to the problem of lagging urban infrastructure construction and urban living supporting facilities construction, thus affecting the effective supply of affordable housing. Through interviews with some affordable housing residents in urban areas, the problem generally reflected is the lack of supporting facilities for urban life. The planning of these affordable housing communities has already included the planning of supporting facilities for urban life. For example, a third-class first-class hospital is being built in a large residential area in Ding Qiao. These urban living facilities have an important impact on the daily life of local residents. The lagging construction of supporting facilities around affordable housing will not only affect the effective supply of affordable housing, but also face the problem of low household satisfaction in the future.

5. Single source of project funds

At present, most affordable housing projects in Hangzhou mainly rely on financial allocation and bank loans to raise construction start-up funds. According to the provisions of Hangzhou housing construction plan (28-212) issued by Hangzhou Municipal People's Government in June 28, the sources of funds for public rental housing (low-rent housing) mainly include: (1) according to the land. (2) the balance of the value-added income of the housing provident fund after extracting the loan risk reserve and management fees; (3) The municipal and district budgets should allocate funds, especially where the funds are insufficient, and special expenditures should be increased; (4) the balance of the compensation funds for the sale, lease and demolition of public houses; (5) Social directional donation funds and funds raised by other channels. Under the background of severe macro-control of real estate and tight monetary and financial policies, the construction of affordable housing projects in Hangzhou is facing a serious "financing difficulty" problem. According to the survey conducted by Hangzhou Construction Committee in May 212, there are 154 affordable housing projects under construction in the main urban area of Hangzhou, with a total financing gap of 28.2 billion yuan, including 1.1 billion yuan for low-rent housing, 3.7 billion yuan for public rental housing, 8.3 billion yuan for affordable housing and 15.1 billion yuan for demolition and resettlement housing.

6. Insufficient innovation in the security mode

(The above answer was issued on July 26th, 213, and the current relevant housing purchase policy should be based on the actual situation)

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