Financial intermediary operation
This paper analyzes and discusses the new rural financial institutions in Inner Mongolia.
Development status and existing problems
Faculty: School of Finance
Professional industry: financial science
Class level:
Student ID: Last name: Wang
Contact information:
20 12/ 1 1/ 17
This paper analyzes and discusses the development status and existing problems of new rural finance in Inner Mongolia.
I. Elaboration of basic concepts
(1) There are three types of new rural financial institutions in China, namely:
1, all kinds of capital set up new rural banks in rural areas mainly to provide financial services for local farmers.
2, farmers and small rural enterprises, in accordance with the principle of voluntariness, initiated the establishment of community credit cooperative organizations to serve shareholders and implement democratic management of members.
3. Encourage domestic commercial banks and rural cooperative banks to set up wholly-owned subsidiaries specializing in loan business in rural areas.
(B) the types of new rural financial institutions
Specifically, China's new rural institutions are divided into three types: village banks, small loan companies and rural mutual funds cooperatives.
Second, the development of rural financial institutions in Inner Mongolia
(A) the development process
At the end of 2006, in order to solve the problems of low network coverage, insufficient financial supply and insufficient competition of financial institutions in rural areas, the CBRC issued "Several Opinions on Adjusting and Relaxing the Access Policy of Banking Financial Institutions in Rural Areas to Better Support the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside" (Yin Jian Fa [2006] No.90), taking six provinces (regions) including Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as pilot areas for implementing the adjustment and relaxation policy of access of banking financial institutions in rural areas in advance.
In recent years, the autonomous region government, the Inner Mongolia Banking Regulatory Commission and a number of financial institutions have taken a series of measures to vigorously promote the formation process of new rural financial institutions, and the cultivation and development of new rural financial institutions have achieved good results. 20 10, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region started operation at the end of June.
Twenty-three new rural financial institutions were approved for construction.
Among them, there are 20 village banks, 1 loan company/kloc-0 and 2 mutual funds cooperatives. Established institutions have introduced various types of capital of 65.438+0.47 billion yuan, absorbed deposits of 65.438+0.654.38+0.07 billion yuan, and issued loans of 838 million yuan. The balance of large loans for small and medium-sized enterprises and farmers in new rural financial institutions was 609 million yuan, up 339 million yuan year-on-year, of which 449 million yuan was from farmers, accounting for 53.6% of the total loans, and financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers continued to increase.
(2) Development status quo
Village banks, rural mutual funds cooperatives and loan companies are three new rural financial institutions serving agriculture, countryside and farmers. Compared with traditional financial institutions such as rural credit cooperatives, it is small, flexible, fast, low-cost and close to rural reality. From the pilot situation in Inner Mongolia, the new rural financial institutions are running well, showing great market potential and competitive advantages in rural financial services.
1, strong vitality. The entry of new rural financial institutions just fills the gap of financial services in rural areas, so they can get more support from local governments and residents, face less competitive threats from other banks after occupying the market, and have great potential in the construction of new countryside.
2. A wide range of information sources make it easier to identify risks. First of all, the new rural financial institutions have natural popularity and geographical advantages in business areas that big banks do not have, which is convenient for financial business. Secondly, the new financial institutions are close to farmers and micro-enterprises, so it is easy to grasp the loan use and the borrower's operation, and can find the signs of risks in time and take corresponding measures to safeguard the creditor's rights.
3. Flexible and convenient operation. There are some problems in rural and pastoral areas, such as small amount of loans, difficulty in timely collection of loans, high management fees and transaction costs. Faced with the credit demand of many farmers and micro-enterprises, large banks have to pay high transaction costs if they go through normal loan approval procedures. However, the new rural financial institutions have short decision-making chain and quick response, and can operate according to the local situation of agriculture, animal husbandry and economic development in rural pastoral areas and the principle of marketization, with business processes close to rural reality and flexible operating mechanism.
4. Capital risk is dispersed. New rural financial institutions mainly serve low-end customers, such as local farmers and micro-enterprises. Compared with the big customers of commercial banks, the new rural financial institutions are easier to control risks, and there are fewer conditions for the gradual improvement of the macro-financial environment, which is more conducive to maintaining the sustainable development of finance in rural pastoral areas.
Third, the problems in the development of new rural institutions in Inner Mongolia
(A) operational risks can not be ignored
Similarities and differences among rural banks, rural mutual funds cooperatives and loan companies in business scope, sources of funds and business models. The key points of determining the risks faced by future operations and risk control are different.
1, credit risk.
Four, to promote the sustainable development of new rural financial institutions in Inner Mongolia countermeasures and suggestions
(A) to strengthen the internal risk control of new rural financial institutions
1. Strengthen credit risk control.
2. Strictly control the loan concentration.
3. Strictly guard against moral hazard of executives and business personnel.
4. Take the initiative to avoid administrative intervention and control risks.
5. Adhere to legal compliance management.
6. Improve the management system and achieve steady development.
7. Maintain liquidity.
(B) to strengthen the external supervision of new rural financial institutions
1, improve the regulatory laws and regulations system of new rural financial institutions.
2. Improve the supervision organization system of new rural financial institutions, appropriately delegate supervision authorization, and at the same time, grass-roots supervision institutions can better perform their supervision functions.
3. Establish a new security system for financial institutions.
4. Suggestions on classified supervision
(C) to promote the sustainable development of new rural financial institutions
1, clear functional positioning
2. Make full use of the advantages of the host bank.
3. Strengthen policy support and guidance.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Vigorously developing new rural financial institutions is an effective way to solve the problems of low network coverage, serious lack of institutional diversification, insufficient financial supply and insufficient competition of banking financial institutions in rural and pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia. Since 2006, with the vigorous promotion of the state, new rural financial institutions in Inner Mongolia have made initial development and achieved certain results.
Through in-depth study and analysis of the core of new rural financial institutions in Inner Mongolia, the stability and safety of banking financial institutions are directly related to the safe and stable operation of the whole national economy. In order to achieve sustainable development, new rural financial institutions must take effective measures against the existing problems.
Countermeasures to achieve safe and stable operation.