Loan (electronic IOU credit loan) is simply understood as borrowing money with interest. Loan is a form of credit activity in which banks or other financial institutions lend monetary funds at a certain interest rate and must return them. Loans in a broad sense refer to loans, discounts, overdrafts and other borrowing funds. Banks put concentrated money and monetary funds out through loans, which can meet the needs of expanding social reproduction and promoting economic development. At the same time, banks can also obtain loan interest income and increase their own accumulation.
"Three natures" refer to safety, liquidity and efficiency, which are the basic principles of commercial banks' loan operation. Article 4 of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank stipulates: "Commercial banks should operate independently, bear their own risks, be responsible for their own profits and losses, and manage themselves by themselves in accordance with the principles of safety, liquidity and efficiency." 1, loan security is the primary problem faced by commercial banks; 2. Liquidity refers to the ability to recover the loan within a predetermined period of time or realize it quickly without loss of land, so as to meet the demand of customers for withdrawing deposits at any time; 3. Efficiency is the basis of sustainable operation of banks. For example, if long-term loans are issued, the interest rate will be higher than short-term loans, and the benefits will be good. However, if the loan term is long, the risks will increase, the security will decrease and the liquidity will weaken. Therefore, the "three natures" should be harmonious, and the loan can be without problems.
Repayment method: (1) equal principal and interest repayment method: that is, the sum of loan principal and interest is repaid by equal monthly repayment. Most banks have adopted this method for housing provident fund loans and commercial personal housing loans. In this way, the monthly repayment amount is the same; (2) Equal principal repayment: a repayment method in which the borrower distributes the loan amount to each installment (month) evenly throughout the repayment period and pays off the loan interest from the previous trading day to the repayment date. In this way, the monthly repayment amount decreases month by month; (3) Paying interest and principal on a monthly basis: that is, the borrower repays the loan principal in one lump sum on the loan maturity date (applicable to loans with a term of less than one year (including one year)), and the loan bears interest on a daily basis and the interest is repaid on a monthly basis; (4) Repaying part of the loan in advance: that is, the borrower can repay part of the loan amount in advance when applying to the bank, and the general amount is an integer multiple of 1 1,000 or 1 1,000. After repayment, the lending bank will issue a new repayment plan, in which the repayment amount and repayment period change, but the repayment method remains unchanged, and the new repayment period shall not exceed the original loan period. (5) Repay all the loans in advance: that is, the borrower. (6) Pay back as you borrow: the interest after borrowing is calculated on a daily basis, and the interest is calculated on a daily basis. You can pay the money in one lump sum at any time without paying a fine.