Generally speaking, the main reason for banks to raise deposit and loan interest rates is insufficient deposits or excessive loans. For example, banks only have 500 million RMB deposits, but they have to meet more than 500 million loans, which leads banks to raise deposit and loan interest rates to attract deposits and reduce deposits, thus ensuring the balance between deposits and loans and maintaining the balance of the national economy.
In addition, when the national economy is overheated, the interest rate will generally increase, because it can reduce the national investment in stocks, futures and gold, attract overheated money to bank deposits, and alleviate the overheating of investment. Interest rate is also regarded as one of the three most important financial means of macro-control to regulate the steady development of the economy.
Therefore, interest rate is one of the important basic economic factors. Interest rate is an important financial variable in economics, and almost all financial phenomena and financial assets are related to interest rate to some extent.
At present, countries all over the world frequently use interest rate leverage to implement macro-control, and interest rate policy has become the main means for central banks to adjust the supply and demand of money and then regulate the economy. Interest rate policy plays an increasingly important role in the monetary policy of the central bank.
Interest rate is an important tool to adjust monetary policy, and it is also used to control investment, inflation and unemployment rate, thus affecting economic growth. Reasonable interest rate is of great significance to social credit and economic leverage of interest rate.
During the depression, lower interest rates, expand money supply and stimulate economic development. In the period of inflation, we should raise interest rates, reduce the money supply and curb the vicious development of the economy. So the interest rate has a great influence on our life.
1, profit rate level:
In the socialist market economy, interest is still a part of the average profit, so the interest rate is also determined by the average profit rate, that is, the interest rate first depends on the average social profit rate. According to the current situation of China's economic development and reform practice, this restriction can be summarized as follows: the overall level of interest rates should adapt to the affordability of most enterprises.
In other words, the overall interest rate level should not be too high, which is too high for most enterprises to bear; On the contrary, the overall level of interest rate should not be too low to play the role of interest rate leverage.
2. Supply and demand of funds
When the average profit rate is fixed, the change of interest rate depends on the ratio of average profit to interest and enterprise profit. And this ratio is determined by the competition between the supply and demand sides of loan capital.
Generally speaking, when there is a shortage of loan funds, the competition between borrowers and lenders will lead to an increase in interest rates; On the contrary, when the supply of loan capital exceeds demand, the result of competition will inevitably lead to a decline in interest rates.
Under the condition of China's market economy, the "price" interest rate, as a commodity in the financial market, is subject to the law of supply and demand, just like the prices of other commodities, so the supply and demand of funds still plays a decisive role in the interest rate level.