The manager knows very well that the loan is either a normal loan or an abnormal loan. But for outsiders, it is not easy to accurately grasp how many abnormal loans a bank has. When people judge a bank's asset quality and risk control ability, they will fall into a misunderstanding if they only pay attention to bad indicators. Besides the subjectivity of five-level classification, there are other factors.
The non-performing loans we see through bank accounting statements are often the balance at a certain point, not the accumulated non-performing loans at a certain period. The latter is the number that we should pay more attention to. Banks continue to issue loans, continue to generate non-performing loans, and continue to collect, dispose of and write off. Some banks have poor risk control ability, resulting in more non-performing loans, but their profits are constantly written off, so the balance of non-performing loans shown in the statements is relatively small.
What about the non-performing loan ratio? Refers to the non-performing loan balance and total loan balance at a certain point in time. Due to the dynamic change of loan balance, in the period of rapid loan issuance, although there are many non-performing loans, the non-performing loan ratio may show a downward trend. In addition to write-off, the disposal methods of non-performing loans include cash recovery, debt repayment, restructuring and transfer. Chinese characters are extensive and profound. What do you mean by "disposal and settlement"?
Sometimes it's more like a word game. Non-performing loans that have been restructured and resolved are still problem loans in essence, just time to change space. Some false restructuring practices include: extending the interest settlement period or even bearing interest on principal, so that there will be no record of default on interest; Sign an agreement with the company when the loan expires, agreeing to repay part of the deferred loan, but there is no limit on the number of "renegotiations", thus avoiding the limit on the number of extensions; Repay the bank loan through bridge loan, and then apply to the bank for another loan to repay bridge loan. What about transferring? The discount rate of real "clearing" is very low, and it is self-deception to realize the "disappearance" of non-performing loans through false transfer.
Common methods, such as purchasing non-performing loans through wealth management funds, trust companies and asset management companies. And then repurchase or provide guarantee for the non-performing loans transferred from the balance sheet. This kind of guarantee can be "collection promise", "income swap+guarantee" and repurchase conditions that are not too difficult to trigger.
What about the cash receipt? Some banks seem to collect bad loans in cash. Which one is settled specifically, but it may be borne by other products (investment, off-balance sheet, etc.). ) or the target (related party of the borrower), and the credit risk has not changed.