Question 2: Non-performing loans are divided into five categories according to the degree of risk: normal, concerned, secondary, suspicious and loss, and the latter three categories are non-performing loans. Therefore, non-performing loans are actually a general term for three levels. If it helps you, give a good comment, thank you ~

Question 3: The management of non-performing loans in commercial banks includes which companies package the compensation, which companies authorize the collection and which companies share it according to the recovery ratio. If the borrower really doesn't pay back the money, the bank can't help it, and the court process is too complicated, and the code company has skills in dunning.

Question 4: What are non-performing loans and assets? Non-performing loans are divided into five categories. Bank loans are divided into five categories: normal, secondary, concerned, suspicious and loss. Generally speaking, doubtful loans and loss loans are recognized as non-performing loans, and generally face losses of more than 50%. Of course, some banks with strict management now regard concern loans as bad.

Non-performing assets generally refer to the non-performing loan claims that banks divest to state-owned financial asset management companies (AMC) through policies or commercialization according to relevant national laws and policies. Because the parent bank has converted some creditor's rights into assets (such as debt repayment) in the management process, the non-performing creditor's rights managed in AMC are generally called non-performing assets.

Question 5: What are the non-performing loans in China? The non-performing loans of banks will be supervised by the CBRC and its dispatched offices (that is, local banking regulatory bureaus).

Question 6: What are the characteristics of non-performing loans of commercial banks in China? First, the amount of non-performing loans is huge. In our investigation, we found that although some non-performing loans were written off by city commercial banks, the amount of non-performing loans was generally large.

Second, non-performing loans in overdue loans have a long history. Among the non-performing loans of commercial banks in six cities in Guangdong and Fujian, more than 68.5% are sluggish loans overdue for more than two years.

Third, it is difficult to collect non-performing loans. In the non-performing loans of city commercial banks, a considerable number of borrowers are subordinate enterprises of local * * *, and entities established by * * * come forward as guarantors. Most of these borrowing enterprises have stopped production, unable to pay off their debts, and some debtors have gone bankrupt, their whereabouts are unknown or died, which is quite difficult to collect.

The fourth is the concentration of non-performing loans. The survey found that the non-performing loans of city commercial banks are all concentrated, often so-called "special preferential treatment" enterprises in a few places, with large loan amount, simple loan procedures and poor repayment consciousness and ability.

The large amount of non-performing loans, high proportion, slow capital turnover, poor operating efficiency and low quality of credit assets in commercial banks lead to high risk of payment for goods, which seriously restricts the marketization process of city commercial banks and hinders the establishment of new bank-enterprise relations.

Question 7: How to divide non-performing loans 1. Overdue loans.

Overdue loans refer to loans that cannot be repaid when the repayment period expires, excluding overdue loans and non-performing loans.

Second, the loan is stagnant.

Overdue loans refer to loans whose repayment period exceeds 2 years (including 2 years), or whose production and operation have stopped before the repayment date of loans expires. Excluding non-performing loans.

Third, bad debts.

Non-performing loans refer to loans that lenders and guarantors declare bankruptcy and fail to pay off after repayment; Loans that have not been paid off after the lender declares missing or dead; Loans that the lender is unable to repay after encountering major disasters and accidents; Loan projects approved for write-off by the State Council when the proceeds from clearing the lender's collateral and pledge are insufficient to pay off the loan.

Question 8: What are the disposal methods of non-performing loans? 1. Asset reorganization. In recent years, when dealing with the non-performing loans of some large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises with reorganization value, state-owned commercial banks often reorganize the assets (including debts) of these enterprises first, with the aim of building a good financial foundation and operating foundation for the disposal of non-performing loans. For banks, the most obvious advantages of handling non-performing loans in this way are: banks

You can get options to improve the recovery rate of creditor's rights value, thus reducing the loss of non-performing loans; At the same time, it improves enterprise management, and * * * doesn't cost much. These advantages can be proved by the successful experience of non-performing loans of more than 75% enterprises in Poland and the successful cases of domestic banks. However, this way of dealing with non-performing loans needs: first, banks have high-quality and experienced assets reorganization talents. The reality is that most commercial banks in China are seriously short of such talents at present. Second, the relevant legal protection. For example, commercial banks are allowed to hold shares in companies. However, due to the current management system of "separate operation" in China, the current "Commercial Bank Law" stipulates that commercial banks cannot invest and hold shares in China. Therefore, commercial banks can only intervene as "consultants" rather than "shareholders" in the process of asset restructuring aimed at disposing of non-performing loans. In this way, if the enterprise defaults or "opportunism" behavior occurs in the process of restructuring, the bank will be at a disadvantage. Third, banks bear the risk of loan losses caused by the failure of asset restructuring. Because banks can't make a complete assessment of all possible situations after asset reorganization in advance. In a word, although asset reorganization provides a new choice for state-owned banks to control the loss of non-performing loans, its time cost and system cost are high.

2. Debt-to-equity swap. There are two specific forms for banks to dispose of non-performing loans by converting creditor's rights into equity: direct shareholding by banks and shareholding by asset management companies and other institutions. Due to the restriction of the current commercial banking law, Chinese banks generally realize the conversion of creditor's rights into equity through other institutions. For banks, it is assumed that the weak repayment ability of enterprises is mainly due to the unreasonable capital structure and the repayment potential of enterprises. Debt-to-equity swap may reduce the loss of non-performing loans of banks and even turn non-performing loans into normal loans. However, it is difficult for banks to determine whether the borrowing enterprises meet the conditions of debt-to-equity swap, how to solve the problem of controlling shares, how to ensure the normal operation of enterprises after reducing the debt burden, and how to solve the channels for commercial banks to withdraw from equity. In the current institutional environment, it is difficult or impossible to determine completely in advance. This means that although debt-to-equity swaps can enable banks to indirectly control the rights of enterprises, the information cost is high and the time cost of disposing of non-performing loans is high.

3. Selling non-performing loans. The sale of non-performing loans means that banks directly transfer non-performing loans to other investors through the market. Specific selling methods include bidding, agreement, bidding and auction. The advantage of this method is that banks can divest non-performing loans at one time and directly recover cash flow in a short time. Moreover, this method has high transparency and high costs and benefits for both parties to the transaction.

The configuration structure is relatively clear and the information cost is relatively low. However, the sale of non-performing loans needs a process, which requires a developed institutional investor market and open and accurate information disclosure, which are often lacking in countries with economies in transition (including China). When dealing with non-performing loans in this way, another key problem that state-owned banks must solve is how to find a price acceptable to both parties. Experience at home and abroad shows that due to the great differences between market investors and banks in the pricing of non-performing loans, banks often make large price discounts on non-performing loans to be sold in order to make them acceptable to market investors. In addition, commercial banks in China have to pay 20% income tax and 5% auction fee when auctioning debt-paying assets. This method has the advantages of quick cash recovery and high transaction transparency, but it has to bear higher value loss and transaction cost.

4. Securitization. Refers to the conversion of non-transactional indirect credit instruments into transactional direct credit instruments. This refers to the securitization of non-performing loans. The basic approach is: the bank first concentrates the non-performing loans, then re-divides the portfolio, and then resells them to market investors, thus making this (or this group) non-performing loans disappear from the bank's balance sheet. For commercial banks, the advantage of securitization of non-performing loans is that it can introduce new funds to dispose of non-performing loans and accelerate the disposal of non-performing loans. However, China ... >>

Question 9: What items does a bad credit record include? Bad credit records of banks include: overdue credit cards, loans and car loans, broadband, telephone calls, etc., which have not been included in the personal credit information system for the time being.

Question 10: What are the causes of non-performing loans? Which lenders generally need to meet the following conditions:

1. China citizens with permanent residence in China and permanent residence in local towns and 18-65 years old;

2. Abide by laws and regulations, and have no illegal acts and bad credit records;

3. Have a good occupation with a just and stable income and the ability to repay the principal and interest of the loan on schedule;

4. Other conditions stipulated by the bank.