The loan conditions mainly include loan interest rate and loan term, and loans can be issued at a certain punitive interest rate in the short term. When the central bank's lender of last resort system provides assistance, the recipients have to pay a corresponding price, which can not only include punitive interest rates, but also seek other ways, such as extra charges. In terms of the loan term, the unified term can be uncertain, but it can't be indefinite, that is, the assistance provided by the lender at last has a time limit and must be repaid at maturity. This ensures that the lender of last resort system provides stable mechanism support, rather than insurance purposes; At the same time, banks are also urged to strengthen their own management, improve operational efficiency and get out of the crisis as soon as possible.

Clarify the choice of assistance methods

Under the background of gradual restructuring and full opening of the banking industry, lenders of last resort should be diversified and adopt flexible methods to adapt to different situations.

First, strictly limit the way of refinancing. Although refinancing can alleviate the crisis of financial institutions to a certain extent, it has little effect on maintaining the stability of the entire financial system. On the contrary, the increase in the amount of refinancing aggravates the non-performing loan ratio of the central bank, and also makes the base money put in excess, leading to a certain degree of inflation. Finally, when the lender rescues the problematic bank, it should strictly limit this method as much as possible.

The second is to seriously implement the rediscount window. With the full opening of the banking industry in China, commercial banks often have the possibility of insufficient liquidity, insolvency or even falling into crisis or bankruptcy. In this case, the rediscount measures will play the role of lender of last resort. In the process of implementation, it is necessary to ensure that the rediscount rate is higher than the interbank lending rate, and that the lender of last resort of the central bank will provide assistance when other financing channels (such as the interbank lending market) cannot be obtained, so as to prevent commercial banks from borrowing from the interbank lending market to earn spreads after obtaining rediscount funds and prevent them from relying on the People's Bank of China.

The third is to standardize the open market business. This is the medium for the lender of last resort to inject liquidity into the banking system and adjust the liquidity level of commercial banks, and it is the abnormal form of the lender of last resort system of the central bank. At present, the open market operation business is used more and more frequently and the business is more and more active.

In order to adapt to different situations, the central bank can also play the role of lender of last resort through guarantees and commitments. When there is a systemic crisis, the central bank, as the lender of last resort, usually tries to assure the public that it will take decisive measures to limit the scope of any financial turmoil.

The difference between bank loans and financial leasing

1. Financing amount. Bank loans are greatly influenced by the national macro-control and the central bank's credit policy; The financing amount of financial leasing is determined by customer qualification and equipment value, and the scope of the amount is large;

2. Financing term. Banks generally give priority to working capital loans below 1 year; The financial lease can last for up to 3 years;

3. repayment method. The repayment method of the bank is relatively simple; Financial leasing can provide flexible installment plan;

4. Guarantee method. Banks generally require real estate mortgage or audited third-party guarantee; Financial leasing is mainly determined flexibly according to the qualification conditions of customers, and is generally mortgaged by the purchased machine tools.