1、
Financial assets measured in amortized cost
project
Release? log in
Initial measurement
Borrowing: Debt investment-cost [face value]
Debt investment-interest adjustment [the difference may also be in the lender]
* Interest receivable [interest included in the payment price that has reached the interest payment period but has not been collected] or
* * Debt investment-accrued interest [repayment of principal and interest when due]
Loan: bank deposit [according to the actual amount paid, including transaction costs]
Tip: If the bond purchased is a one-time debt service bond, the interest included in the purchase price is included in the "Debt Investment-Accrued Interest" account.
Subsequent measurement
Pay interest in installments
Loan: Interest receivable [face value coupon rate]
Loan: Investment income [opening book balance or opening amortized cost real interest rate].
Debt investment-interest adjustment [difference, possibly in debit]
If it is a one-time debt service bond, "debt investment-accrued interest" should be used instead of "interest receivable"
Loan: debt investment-accrued interest [face value coupon rate]
Loan: Investment income [opening book balance or opening amortized cost real interest rate].
Debt investment-interest adjustment [difference, possibly in debit]
Actual interest expense
Debit: bank deposit
Loan: interest receivable
Tip:
(1) amortized cost at the end of the period = amortized cost at the beginning of the period (1 real interest rate)-amount receivable in the current period (i.e. coupon interest),
Or amortized cost at the end of the period = amortized cost investment income at the beginning-the amount receivable in the current period;
Investment income = initial real interest rate in amortized cost.
(2) If the credit impairment reserve has been accrued, the amortized cost at the end of the period will also subtract the amount for which the impairment reserve has been accrued.
deal with
Debit: bank deposit [according to the amount actually received]
Loan: Debt Investment-Cost
Investment interest adjustment [last unamortized interest adjustment balance]
Investment income [difference, possibly in debit]
2、
Financial assets classified as fair value are included in other comprehensive income.
Initial measurement
Borrowing: Other debt investment-cost [face value]
Other debt investment-interest adjustment [difference or credit]
* Interest receivable [interest included in the purchase price that has reached the interest payment period but has not been collected] or
* * Other creditor's rights investment-accrued interest [repayment of principal and interest when due]
Loan: bank deposit [according to the actual amount paid]
Subsequent measurement
(1) On the balance sheet date, confirm the investment income.
Loan: Interest receivable [face value coupon rate]
Loan: Investment income [opening book balance or opening amortized cost real interest rate].
Other creditor's rights investment-interest adjustment [based on difference, or debit]
Charge interest
Debit: bank deposit
Loan: interest receivable
(2) On the balance sheet date, confirm the change of fair value.
If the fair value is higher than the book value
Borrowing: other debt investments-changes in fair value
Loans: other comprehensive income-changes in the fair value of other creditor's rights investments
If the fair value is lower than the book value, make the opposite entry.
Borrowing: other comprehensive income-changes in the fair value of other debt investments
Loans: other debt investments-changes in fair value
Tip:
The difference between the change in fair value and the change in book value is the cumulative amount change, and the profit and loss amount of the previous fair value change should be deducted when calculating the current change.
Exchange differences denominated in foreign currencies shall be included in current profits and losses-financial expenses.
(3) Whether it is necessary to make provision for credit impairment.
Debit: Credit impairment loss
Loan: other comprehensive income-credit impairment reserve
Tip: For financial assets classified as measured at fair value and whose changes are included in other comprehensive income, the enterprise shall confirm its losses and impairment reserves in other comprehensive income, and include the impairment losses or gains in current profits and losses-credit impairment losses, and shall not reduce the book value of financial assets listed in the balance sheet, subject to the subject of "other comprehensive income-credit impairment reserves".
deal with
The difference between the actual price received and the book value is included in the investment income.
Debit: bank deposit [according to the amount actually received]
Loan: other creditor's rights investment-cost [face value]
Other debts
Other comprehensive income-credit impairment reserve [cumulative change of credit impairment]
Loan: investment income [or make the opposite entry]
3、
Financial assets measured at fair value and whose changes are included in current profits and losses.
Initial measurement
Debit: transactional financial assets-cost [fair value-unrelated to stock price, actual payment minus receivables]
Investment income [transaction cost]
* Dividends receivable [declared but unpaid cash dividends]
Loan: bank deposit [according to the actual amount paid]
Tip: The transaction cost of tradable financial assets offsets the investment income.
Subsequent measurement
1. Confirm the interest or dividend income during the holding period.
(1) Stock: the investee announces cash dividend.
Debit: Dividends receivable
Loan: investment income
(2) Bonds: interest is calculated on the balance sheet date.
Debit: interest receivable [face to face]
Value × coupon rate
Loan: investment income
(3) Cash dividends or interest income received.
Debit: bank deposit
Credit: dividend receivable/interest receivable
2. Changes in fair value on the balance sheet date
If fair value rises
Debit: Trading financial assets-changes in fair value
Credit: gains and losses from changes in fair value
If it falls, do the opposite.
Debit: gains and losses from changes in fair value
Loans: Trading Financial Assets-Changes in Fair Value
deal with
Debit: the amount actually received by the bank deposit.
Loan: Transactional Financial Assets-Cost
Transactional financial assets-fair value or debit changes
Investment income difference, or debit
Tip:
(1) Investment income at the time of sale (or profit and loss impact at the time of disposal) = net selling price-book value at the time of disposal.
(2) Investment income from holding = transaction cost, cash dividend/interest income, and investment income from transfer.
(3) Fair value change of investment income when holding cash dividend/interest income that affects operating profit = transaction cost is transferred.
4、
Non-trading equity instrument investment designated as fair value is included in other comprehensive income.
Initial measurement
Borrow: investment in other equity instruments-fair value transaction costs calculated at cost
* Cash dividends that have been announced but not paid are included in the purchase price of dividends receivable.
Loan: the amount actually paid by the bank deposit.
Subsequent measurement
(1) The investee announced the payment of cash dividend.
Debit: Dividends receivable
Loan: investment income
Get a cash bonus
Debit: bank deposit
Credit: Dividends receivable
(2) On the balance sheet date, confirm the change of fair value.
If the fair value is higher than the book value
Borrow: investment in other equity instruments-changes in fair value
Loan: other comprehensive income-changes in fair value of other equity instruments investment
If the fair value is lower than the book value, make the opposite entry.
Borrow: other comprehensive income-changes in the fair value of other equity instruments.
Loans: investment in other equity instruments-changes in fair value
Note: Foreign currency exchange differences should be included in other comprehensive income.
deal with
The difference between the price actually received and the book value at the time of sale is transferred to retained earnings.
Debit: Bank deposits should be based on the amount actually received.
Loan: Investment in other equity instruments-cost
Investment in other equity instruments-fair value changes according to its balance, or debits.
Balance of surplus reserve × 10%
Profit distribution-undistributed profit difference ×90%
Carry forward other comprehensive income and transfer to retained income.
Debit: other comprehensive income-cumulative change in fair value of other equity instruments.
Credit: surplus reserve or opposite entry.
Profit distribution-undistributed profit
5、
Impairment of financial instruments
Withdrawal and reversal of impairment reserve
Confirmation of credit impairment loss
Debit: Credit impairment loss
Loan: loan loss reserve
/Debt investment impairment reserve
/provision for bad debts of accounts receivable
/Provision for impairment of contract assets
/Provision for impairment of lease receivables
/Other comprehensive income-credit impairment reserve
Tip: For financial assets classified as measured at fair value and whose changes are included in other comprehensive income, the enterprise shall confirm its loss provision in other comprehensive income, and include the impairment loss or gain in the current profit and loss, and shall not reduce the book value of financial assets listed in the balance sheet, subject to the subject of "Other comprehensive income-credit impairment provision".
Reverse the loss and make the opposite entry.
Borrow: loan loss reserve/debt investment impairment reserve/other comprehensive income-credit impairment reserve/?
Credit: Credit impairment loss
Write off financial assets with credit losses.
The enterprise actually suffered credit losses, and the related financial assets were determined to be irrecoverable and approved for write-off;
Debit: loan loss provision/bad debt provision/contract asset impairment provision.
* If the write-off amount of credit impairment loss is greater than the accrued loss reserve,
Loan: loan
/Accounts receivable
/Contract assets
formula
Amortized cost = book balance (amortization of principal)-credit impairment reserve.
Amortized cost at the end of the period = amortized cost at the beginning *( 1 real interest rate)-face value of interest payable in this period * coupon rate.
Investment income = initial amortized cost * real interest rate.
Amortized cost at the end of the period = investment income in amortized cost at the beginning-interest payable in the current period.
1. When buying bonds at a premium, the coupon rate of the bonds should be higher than the actual interest rate, and the extra premium (including transaction costs) should not exceed the term of * (coupon rate-actual interest rate) *, which proves that the bonds bought at a premium can get more income than the interest received at the actual interest rate.
2. When bonds are purchased at a discount and the principal and interest are repaid in one lump sum, the investment income recognized during the holding period includes two parts, one part is the accrued interest (or interest receivable) of each period, and the other part is the initial discount amount (allocated to the interest adjustment of each period).
Related questions and answers: