—— Caodu Village, He Lin Town, Siyang County, Jiangsu Province

China Geo University (Beijing) College of Oceanography11108125 Xuan Yu.

1. Research background

The Second Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the great goal of building a new socialist countryside, and determined the construction policy of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management". As contemporary college students, they should go out of the campus and actively pay attention to the construction of new countryside and the construction of environment-friendly new countryside. Therefore, taking Caodu Village, He Lin Town, Siyang County, Jiangsu Province as an example, I conducted a survey on "Rural Ecological Environment and Scientific Development".

Caodu Village belongs to Siyang County, Jiangsu Province, and belongs to the yellow alluvial plain of warm temperate zone with subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine, distinct seasons, abundant rainfall and long frost-free period. This is a superior natural condition for the effective development of agriculture. In 2008, there were 728 households with 28 10 people in this village, and the per capita net income of farmers in 2008 was 58 12 yuan. Villagers mainly rely on farming and going out to work during the slack season to obtain economic resources. The village has a certain scale of industrial enterprises, which belongs to a typical rural environment as a whole, and is also a demonstration village for new rural construction, which can represent the vast rural areas. Therefore, we can make a comprehensive statistics and analysis of these data, have a more scientific understanding of the overall ecological situation of the vast rural areas, and take some reasonable measures to improve these conditions. At the end of the investigation, we also gave some current situation analysis and feasible suggestions.

Second, the ecological status quo

The forest coverage rate of Siyang County has reached 42.7%, ranking first in the plain area of China, which is 16.7 percentage points higher than the national forest coverage rate of 26%, and nearly 20 percentage points higher than the forest coverage rate standard of 23% required by "all-round well-off". Caodu Village, which I investigated, is located between the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and the abandoned Yellow River. There are many forests in the plain, the air is fresh, the industrial development is less, and the overall environment is well preserved.

Judging from the drinking water, Caodu Village is located on the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, with abundant water resources. The vast majority of farmers use tap water, accounting for 90% of the total, and mechanical wells are basically eliminated. However, some farmers also use tap water.

All right. The groundwater in this village contains a lot of fluorine, and the teeth of the old people who drink groundwater often turn yellow, but the tap water now has no such problem. It can be said that there is no problem with the drinking water in Caodu Village and it will not pose a threat to the health of the villagers.

Compared with the water source, the treatment of various kinds of sewage is not so optimistic. Domestic sewage mainly comes from domestic sewage and aquaculture sewage. The villagers' habitual way to treat the domestic sewage generated after use is to treat it anywhere, directly pour it on the concrete floor to dry naturally, some will directly pour it underground, and some will discharge it by sewer. The last outlet of the sewer is the river or pond around the village, which does not fundamentally treat the sewage, but aggravates the pollution of the surrounding rivers.

For aquaculture sewage, since most livestock are kept in captivity, farmers will regularly clean up the breeding pens. Take the pigsty as an example. Generally, there is a deep pit behind the pigsty, which is specially used to hold pig excrement and sewage when cleaning the pigsty. But I found that these deep pits gave off an unpleasant smell, which attracted many flies and seriously affected the surrounding environment.

Corresponding to sewage, another serious impact on the ecological environment is all kinds of garbage, including domestic garbage and nutrition.

Manure, straw weeds, etc. , the first three accounted for 67%, 10%, 1 1% respectively. The problem of domestic waste is that villagers randomly discharge it, throw it directly on the roadside or in the open space outside the door, or even dump it in small ponds and rivers. Some electronic waste, such as batteries, is thrown away at will, and it is not classified and recycled in ordinary domestic waste because of poor environmental awareness. Some villagers piled up the straws nearby after harvesting, some burned them, and some rotted and piled up after being attacked by rain, which also aggravated the accumulation of garbage to some extent. Due to the use of chemical fertilizers in recent years, villagers' dependence on artificial compost waste has decreased, and many wastes have not been effectively treated. On the whole, garbage pollution in rural areas is more serious, and all kinds of untreated garbage deposits can be seen everywhere.

Another potential threat to the ecological environment is pesticides. I learned from the village chief Cao Du, and combined with my own observation, I observed that the use of chemical fertilizer in this village did not bring harm to people and animals. However, with the extensive use of chemical fertilizers, these effects are not obvious in the short term, but their harm to the ecological environment cannot be ignored. With the emergence of a large number of pesticide products and the continuous improvement of their performance in recent years, villagers' dependence on pesticides has been increasing. During the investigation, Murakami also admitted that with the improvement of the quality of life, many production activities that were originally carried out manually have also been changed to chemical means, such as pest control and weeding of crops. People used to work in the fields, but now they spray pesticides to eradicate crops when they are still young. A large number of harmful substances in pesticides and fertilizers remain in the soil, causing soil hardening and reducing farmland production, which in turn stimulates villagers to use more fertilizers to increase production, forming a vicious circle. The high loss rate and low utilization rate of chemical fertilizer not only lead to farmland soil pollution, but also cause water pollution through rainwater. In the process of rural ecological environment destruction, improper use of pesticides and fertilizers accounts for a considerable proportion.

The fourth is the influence of industrial waste. It is noted that there is an industrial enterprise with a certain scale and three small enterprises in this village, mainly relying on the rich wood resources in Siyang, the hometown of china yiyang, to process plates. This kind of enterprise consumes a lot of water and produces a lot of industrial wastewater. According to my observation and investigation of the villagers, there is no sewage treatment system in the village, and industrial wastewater is directly discharged into the main canal in front of the door, which can smell a strong pungent smell when approaching. Walking into the factory to find out, a person in charge claimed that it had been simply handled, but the villagers disagreed. In fact, in rural areas, enterprises know that there is pollution, but they are unwilling to spend a lot of money to control it. I saw that the grass on both sides of the sewage ditch had turned yellow, indicating that the sewage had damaged the local soil and destroyed the vegetation.

In addition to the four factors that affect the ecological environment mentioned above, there are other influences. During the harvest season, 40% of the straw is burned on the spot, and a large amount of smoke and dust is harmful to air quality; Untreated pit sewage pollutes the surrounding environment all the year round; The air pollution caused by traditional combustion methods and so on. These factors have certain seasonal or other factors, and their impact on the ecological environment is not so great, but it cannot be ignored.

In a word, the ecological environment of this village is not satisfactory, although it is good on the whole. However, the villagers are not too concerned about dumping domestic sewage and solid waste, and their awareness of ecological protection is worrying.

Three. influencing factor

According to the survey results, I think the factors that hinder the process of maintaining the ecological environment are mainly in the following aspects:

(A) farmers' awareness of maintaining the ecological environment is very lacking. This is the most critical one. Many times, farmers are not unwilling to maintain the ecological environment, but have no concept of ecological environment and pollution at all. For domestic sewage, they don't think there is anything wrong with dumping it casually. As long as it is dumped out of the house without affecting others, there is no problem. They don't think about pollution or the ecological environment. Burning on the spot, as long as it is convenient, how can some smoke be related to air pollution? In their minds, there is no global warming, no concept of acid rain, and they will not associate these abstract things with life. It is these seemingly insignificant ignorance that makes our ecological environment gradually approach a dangerous road.

(2) Local governments pay insufficient attention to it. If the villagers' unconsciousness about the ecological environment is understandable, then the government's neglect of the ecological environment is hard to blame. The significance of local government lies in reasonable publicity and guidance. In most rural areas, although there are various scientific publicity activities and environmental science popularization activities organized by the government, it is beneficial to improve farmers' environmental awareness, but the implementation is not ideal, which is also an important reason for farmers' low awareness of ecological environment. The local government has not played a good guiding role for farmers, and there is no reasonable planning for the ecological environment protection work in this area. To a certain extent, local governments may not have made a detailed investigation of the ecological environment in their own areas and formulated protective measures, let alone maintained it. Moreover, in order to simply pursue the development of GDP, local governments often give green light to their own enterprises that attract investment and turn a blind eye to their pollution discharge behavior. This connivance is making the rural environment encounter more and more challenges.

Four: targeted measures

In view of the above problems, I think we should start from the following aspects:

(A): In the cause analysis, we can see that farmers are a large part of all kinds of ecological environmental hazards.

There is not enough understanding of maintaining the ecological environment and poor awareness of environmental protection, so it is necessary to carry out various ecological environment publicity activities. I think we can write more environmental protection slogans, organize villagers to watch some environmental protection films, and constantly improve villagers' environmental protection literacy.

(b) The local government should not only focus on economic development, but ignore the cost of sacrificing the environment. I think that to reform the criteria for evaluating officials, we should not "only focus on GDP" or be short-sighted enough to sacrifice the interests of future generations. Only in this way can local governments make overall plans and develop scientifically.

(c) The state should make greater efforts to encourage university student village officials and encourage university students to take root in rural areas and start businesses in rural areas. College students are generally well educated, and they know how to protect the environment, which can drive people around them to participate in environmental protection. College students have a good knowledge base and can tell some scientific and technological knowledge to farmers' friends, thus guiding farmers' friends to use chemical fertilizers scientifically.

(d) Legislation can be used to punish acts that damage the environment, and environmental protection laws can be publicized in rural areas to attract villagers' attention. And supplemented by the establishment of some garbage transfer stations and sewage pipelines, so that every household's garbage and wastewater can be treated centrally.

The governance of rural ecological environment needs the close cooperation of farmers, localities and countries. Only when farmers' awareness of environmental protection is improved, local governments pay more attention to it, and the state increases investment, can there be a reasonable and scientific channel for the maintenance of the ecological environment, and the development of the ecological environment can enter a virtuous circle.

Five: the "new" of the new countryside

(1) biogas digester

As a new rural demonstration village, 223 of 728 households in Caodu Village have established biogas digesters, accounting for about one third. The development of biogas has many advantages, mainly including the following four advantages:

1, the development of rural biogas promotes the development of rural production.

Rural biogas takes biogas as a link, which leads to cultivation first and then promotes planting. The more aquaculture develops, the more biogas and biogas manure are provided, which not only saves a lot of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and fuels, but also promotes the production of pollution-free agricultural products, forming different courtyard circular economic models of "pig-biogas-fruit" and "pig-biogas-vegetable", and can also deeply process and comprehensively utilize various agricultural and sideline products, thus promoting the local rural construction industry.

2. The development of rural biogas has promoted farmers to become rich.

According to the survey of biogas users, it is necessary to invest 3,000 yuan to build an 8 cubic meter household biogas project with a service life of 15 years and an annual output of more than 300 cubic meters of biogas, which can provide energy for cooking and lighting for a family of 3-5 people. This year alone, it can save farmers about 800 yuan, raise 3 pigs per household, increase 300 yuan, and provide 65,438+biogas fertilizer. It saves 65,438+0,000 yuan, and the comprehensive utilization of biogas, carbon dioxide fertilization and biogas slurry spraying have obvious effects on increasing production and income. The total number of households above can increase income and reduce expenditure by more than 1.400 yuan every year, which has become an effective way for farmers in this village to increase income and get rid of poverty.

3. The development of rural biogas has promoted the cleanliness of rural villages and civilized rural customs.

The combination of rural biogas with kitchen, toilet and courtyard has changed the traditional production mode of farmers, and the combination of water, road and courtyard has improved the village appearance and living environment. At the same time, rural women have been liberated from smoky fires and enjoyed a modern and civilized lifestyle, which has improved the quality of rural life and people's health. Its social benefits are immeasurable.

4. The development of rural biogas promotes the healthy development of rural areas.

After building biogas digesters, farmers make full use of rural renewable resources and turn waste into treasure. After using biogas as fuel, most of the straw can be saved for industrial papermaking, local mushroom cultivation and returning to the field, which effectively improves the utilization efficiency of straw, has high ecological and economic benefits, and promotes the virtuous cycle of rural economy to support healthy development.

As a demonstration village of new rural construction, Caodu Village has made some achievements in the construction of biogas digesters. Not only to protect the local ring

If conditions permit, farmers will increase their income and become rich. So it can be extended to the whole county. Siyang County, located in the north of Jiangsu Province, is a warm temperate yellow floodplain. It governs 18 townships with a total population of 960,000 and a total area of 1.4 1.8 square kilometers. It belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall and long frost-free period. This is a superior natural condition for the effective development of agriculture. In 2008, the county's total grain output was 450,000 tons, the total output value of planting industry was 1.98265 million yuan, the total output value of livestock and poultry industry was 639.72 million yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers reached 58 1.2 yuan, and agricultural industrialization began to take shape. Therefore, the development of rural biogas is rich in agricultural resources. First, the proportion of grain crops is high and the yield of straw is high. The sown area of crops in the county is 10.23 hectare, of which the sown area of grain is1153,300 mu, and the annual output of crop straw reaches 400,000 tons, equivalent to 200,000 tons of standard coal. If all crops are used to produce biogas or meet the living energy consumption of nearly140,000 farmers, there are four main ways to use straw at present: (65,438+) (2) It accounts for about 20% of the total output as livestock feed; (3), used for cooking and heating, accounting for about10% of the total; (4) 15% is used as raw material for edible fungi cultivation and paper making. The remaining 40% straw was burned, which was not fully utilized, resulting in a great waste of resources. Second, there is a large amount of farming and a lot of feces. Siyang county is an underdeveloped area in northern Jiangsu with traditional farming habits. In addition, the Siyang county government has strongly supported farmers in recent years, and the variety and scale of livestock and poultry breeding in the county have expanded rapidly. In 2008, there were 75,000 cows, 405,300 sheep, 250,000 pigs and 0/20,000 chickens in the county. According to preliminary estimation, the total amount of livestock manure is about 830,000 tons, equivalent to 83,000 tons of standard coal. Due to the low utilization rate of a large number of feces, the atmospheric environment is polluted. By developing rural biogas, we can make full use of these rural renewable resources and turn waste into treasure, which is an ideal way and mode for the development and utilization of rural renewable energy.

(2) Tap water

As early as the end of 2007, the whole village built a tap water network, which changed from pumping groundwater from home to unified water supply, which was convenient and ensured safety. In other parts of Siyang county, many families are still pumping water with ancient wells, wells or pumps.

(3) "collective farms"

This situation can be seen in Siyang County. In the past, only the county town had commercial housing, and now the countryside is also under construction. I learned from the villagers that there used to be more than a dozen families at the foot of the canal embankment, but now they have moved into the building because of the low terrain. There used to be no supermarket here, only a Sashido. Now there are two big supermarkets, Hualian and Su Guo, which greatly facilitate the villagers. They no longer need to go to the market in the town.

"every village" project

When I arrived at Caodu Village, I saw a cement road with a width of about 3.5 meters in the green farmland. You can reach any nearby village by this road. The history of smooth, clean and tidy roads and rainy and muddy rural roads is gone forever. As the saying goes, "If you want to be rich, build roads first". After the road is repaired, tractors, harvesters, etc. When harvesting, it can be driven into farmland faster and more conveniently, which greatly improves the harvesting efficiency. According to the village head, it was the Jiangsu provincial government that borrowed money from the World Bank to support the new rural construction.

Investigating the construction of new countryside makes me really feel the rapid changes in the countryside, and the new countryside makes the rural environment better and better; The appearance of the countryside is becoming more and more tidy; Rural transportation is becoming more and more convenient; Rural life is becoming more and more comfortable. I think the new rural construction can be extended to more villages, so that all farmers can benefit from it.

Six: Summary

I learned that villagers love their place of residence and don't want their living environment to be destroyed. At the same time, some villagers I visited said that they would pay attention to protecting the environment in the future.

Through the investigation of Caodu Village, a new rural demonstration village, I know that the rural environment is mainly threatened by domestic garbage and industrial waste. From a macro perspective, the rural ecological environment is not optimistic.

The construction of new countryside can be said to have achieved certain results. In Caodu Village, we saw the implementation of a series of projects such as biogas digesters, tap water, residential quarters and roads connecting each village, which brought benefits and convenience to farmers and friends. This is a project that benefits the people. It is worth popularizing.

Seven: Feelings

This social practice has brought me great gains. On the one hand, we have a deeper understanding of rural areas and all aspects of rural areas, and have improved our sense of social responsibility and service; On the other hand, it also urges us to think about how to repay the society with our knowledge and contribute to the development of rural areas. What shocked me was the construction of new countryside. I think that as long as we conscientiously implement Scientific Outlook on Development and make overall plans, the new countryside will be built better! Finally, I hope that the ecological environment in rural areas can enter the path of benign development, coordinate with economic development, and continuously promote the construction of new socialist countryside in accordance with the 24 principles of "production democracy, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management"! I believe that as long as we work together in Qi Xin, the realization of the new countryside is just around the corner!