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If you were a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, what would you propose to save the country? From the political, military, economic and cultural aspects.
Politically: imitate the British constitutional monarchy or the dual constitutional monarchy of Germany and Japan, or imitate the democratic and harmonious system of the United States and France. Adhere to the guiding ideology of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application". Allow all localities to run newspapers and open their minds. Establish a responsible cabinet system. Reform the official assessment system and the official title system. For example, the implementation of the constitutional system, mainly to appease the revolutionary party, recruited Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionary elite revolutionaries to participate in the constitutional reform process, making it impossible for Sun Yat-sen and others to organize revolutions in railway, industry and commerce, port construction and other affairs. Reuse Zhang Zhidong, Zhang Jian and other reformists and constitutionalists. If the * * * peace system is implemented, the Nanyang New Revolutionary Army with Sun Yat-sen as the core and the Guangdong-Guangxi Revolutionary Army Government will be established, and the revolutionary base areas will be established. Play the banner of nationality, civil rights, people's livelihood, and help the peasants and workers, so that the tiller has land and carries out the peasant revolution. At the same time, the Kuomintang grass-roots organizations were established in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and Liangjiang to carry out the national revolutionary movement, and then defeated the Manchu and Beiyang warlords in the Northern Expedition.

Military: 1. Imitate Britain to build modern navy and maritime barriers.

First, to buy the most advanced warships, the types of warships should match. Secondly, eight naval forts were established in Lushun, Tianjin, Dalian, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Shanghai, Fuzhou and Guangzhou, and batteries, fortress groups, long-range artillery and garrison troops were set up. Construction of ports and storage stations for military materials. Finally, modern shipbuilding industry and machinery manufacturing industry were established, and naval schools and navigation schools were established. Ships are purchased and manufactured independently. With 9 battleships and 9 cruisers as the core, it took 40 years to build the Greater China 99 Fleet. The navy consists of 36 destroyers, 72 frigates, 120 torpedo boats, 60 submarines and 400 auxiliary ships. Set up four fleets: North Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. Establish six marine brigades.

In the 20th century, we set out to build an air force.

2. Establish a standardized and modern army to consolidate the frontier.

First of all, hire German instructors and set up a modern army division in advance. In Zhili, Tianjin, Beijing and Tangshan, the three divisions of the modern army were compiled and trained in full accordance with the German code. In Wuchang, Changsha, Kunming and Yunnan, in Shaanxi and Gansu, and in Lanzhou, xi and Jilin in the northeast, there are six modern model military advisers. On the basis of the first batch of nine modern divisions, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet 12 border divisions were established, equipped with field guns and a large number of machine guns according to German training preparations. Then form a regular 24 divisions. It took 30 years to complete the formation and equipment training of the modern army. Establish a strategic general reserve of four divisions, equipped with a full set of European and American equipment. Establish an officer training team. (The size of the national army has reached1200,000.)

Secondly, the funds were used for the professionalization and resettlement of soldiers of the Eight Banners in Manchu Dynasty and the downsizing and resettlement of the heroic army green camp. Preferential treatment for retired soldiers. Select some lean Manchurian flag soldiers to train the New Manchurian Army and hire German instructors.

Change the regiments of the provinces into security brigades, recruit new people and choose good men with good conduct and strong physique. About10,000 security teams will be set up all over the country to protect the environment and people. The security brigade is equivalent to the militia, with a national scale of about 3 million.

Thirdly, establish a modern military industrial system, and establish seven group munitions factories in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Southeast China, Central China and Mongolia to imitate German ordnance. At the same time, German and British ordnance and ammunition were introduced, and imitation was paid attention to. Hire skilled foreigners. Cultivate their own military manufacturing R&D talents. We will set up 12 national military material storage centers, and set up one hundred and fifty ammunition depots and 1800 strategic locations or fortresses throughout the country.

Finally, train your own non-commissioned officers and outstanding non-commissioned officers to study abroad. Establish a modern military education system and establish special forces such as the trench, engineering corps, artillery, surveying and mapping corps. Establish an officer corps and teach it to demonstrate and lead.

Economically: 1. First, establish a modern military industry system. Five large military factories, 15 medium-sized factories and 50 small military factories have been established. Introduce western advanced industrial equipment.

2. Improve agriculture, build water conservancy projects, reduce disasters, allow land transactions, accumulate national wealth, allow private farmers to run farms, and realize agricultural mechanization.

3. Establish modern civil industry and gain rights. A number of large state-owned enterprises with abundant funds, strength and advanced equipment. Textile, steel, mechanical coal mining and chemical industries have been established. Borrow 30-50 million pounds to raise 50 million taels of silver, and build "Hanyeping Company" in fifteen years. Build Daqing Tianjin General Machinery Factory, Tianjin Dagu Shipyard and other enterprises to improve the manufacturing capacity of machinery and equipment.

4. Abolish checkpoints and the Likin system, gradually unify the domestic market, make the best use of everything, gradually implement the gold standard system, issue Qing banknotes as a unified currency, and establish Qing Bank as a national bank. Establish modern postal service.

5. Build railways and highways, dredge inland waterways and build ports along the Yangtze River. Build telegraph offices and extend telegraph lines.

6, the establishment of national disaster relief reserves, the construction of large granaries.

7. Establish the Chamber of Commerce and China Merchants, and set up the Ministry of Industry and Mining, the Ministry of Transport, and the Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telecommunications.

Culturally, the imperial examination was abolished, modern primary and secondary schools were widely established, and six university halls, namely Shi Jing, Shengjing, Changsha, Suzhou Guang and Chang 'an, were established. Establish higher engineering, business, law and normal schools. Reform the curriculum. Establish a complete national education system. The Qing Academy of Sciences and the China Academy of Research and Social Sciences were established to review and hire academicians. The National School of Administration was established in the Qing Dynasty to train central and local officials. Popularize four-year national education. Establish public publicity and education institutions such as libraries, museums and showrooms. Vigorously carry forward the main theme of imperial kindness and enlightened governance.

Social management:

The Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Information, the Ministry of Strategic Public Opinion Analysis, the decision-making headquarters of the Cabinet, and the Ministry of Disaster Relief and Emergency Response were established to deal with social crises.

Establish a police force throughout the country, and maintain the national police force at 2 million. Establish an internal security appeasement army to guard the strategic transportation hub and economic lifeline of Gyeonggi. The size of the internal security is over one million. Set up a spy network and send spies to Japan, Russia, the United States, Britain, France and Germany to gather intelligence. Intelligence and internal security forces can enlist the participation of the Revolutionary Party and provide high-tech and stable internal information. Resolve public grievances, suppress a group of corrupt officials, and promote the harmony and stability of the Qing Dynasty.