Agricultural funds can be divided into broad and narrow senses. Agricultural funds in a narrow sense refer to various monetary funds invested in agriculture by various social investment entities. Agricultural funds in a broad sense refer to the sum of various monetary funds, physical capital and intangible assets invested in the agricultural field by the state, individuals or other departments of society, as well as various current assets, fixed assets and other assets formed in the process of agricultural production and operation. (1) The turnover of agricultural funds is slow and seasonal (2) The income of agricultural funds is unstable and the profit rate of funds is low (3) Agricultural funds do not completely pass through the circulation process during the cycle of turnover (4) The boundaries of agricultural funds are ambiguous and Dispersion

The role of agricultural funds. The special significance of financial resources for agricultural growth and rural development (1) The law of diminishing returns on agricultural inputs and the nature of agricultural products as daily necessities determine the doubling demand for agricultural investment (2) Agriculture The increase in the organic composition of capital (capital deepening) determines the continued demand for agricultural investment (3) the chain demand for agricultural investment determined by the development of agricultural related industries (4) the requirements for sustainable agricultural development.

(1) Classification according to the source (or investment entity) of agricultural funds

① Farmer funds. Farmers are the main body of agricultural production and, of course, the main investment body of agricultural funds. The funds farmers use for agriculture involve almost all private agricultural expenditures in agricultural production, sales and other links

②Agricultural financial funds. Agricultural fiscal funds are various agricultural expenditures budgeted by the government for agricultural development, including public expenditures such as agricultural scientific research and promotion, agricultural infrastructure, agricultural public services, and various agricultural subsidies issued to support and regulate agriculture. . The use of agricultural financial funds is generally free of charge and is directly budgeted and allocated by the government.

③Agricultural credit funds. Agricultural credit funds are various agricultural loans formed by financial institutions or individuals to finance agricultural producers. Agricultural credit funds can be used in public investment, private agricultural investment, or policy. However, the use of agricultural credit funds is generally paid, and the principal must be repaid upon maturity and a certain amount of interest must be paid.

④Agricultural funds invested by enterprises or other economic organizations. In addition to farmers, agricultural enterprises are also a business entity in agriculture, and investment by agricultural enterprises is also an important source of agricultural funds. In addition, rural collective economic organizations, agricultural cooperative organizations, etc., have also become the main investment entities of agricultural funds due to their close ties with agriculture.

⑤ Foreign agricultural funds. With the opening up of the economy and the international flow of capital, capital from abroad has become a new source of agricultural funds. First, foreign agricultural funds come from international economic organizations, such as the United Nations, the World Bank, etc.; second, they come from intergovernmental aid or agricultural investment projects; third, they come from agricultural investments made by foreign financial institutions, companies or individuals.

(2) Classification according to the objects served by agricultural funds

①Agricultural production funds. Agricultural production funds mainly refer to the funds directly used to purchase agricultural production materials or various funds consumed in the agricultural production process. Specifically, agricultural production funds include funds to purchase fixed assets such as agricultural production equipment, funds to purchase consumable production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, seeds, livestock, and feed, and water and electricity bills, mechanical farming fees, and harvesting fees paid during the production process. , funds required for epidemic prevention fees and other maintenance costs, and labor costs paid during the production process, etc. Agricultural production funds are the most important component of agricultural funds and are also the agricultural funds that have the greatest impact on agricultural output.

②Agricultural product sales funds. Agricultural product sales funds are the working capital used for turnover or sales expenses consumed during the sales process of agricultural products. Specifically, it includes agricultural funds required for post-harvest maintenance, storage, transportation and market transactions during the sale of agricultural products. The sales funds of agricultural products are an important guarantee for the realization of the market value of agricultural products.

③Agricultural infrastructure funds. Agricultural infrastructure funds are funds used to build agricultural water conservancy facilities, farmland transformation, rural roads, power communication lines and other infrastructure required for agricultural production. Agricultural infrastructure funds are the basic guarantee for the construction, maintenance, and renewal of agricultural infrastructure, and are also the basis for agricultural production, sales, and other agricultural business activities.

④Agricultural research and promotion funds.

Agricultural scientific research and extension funds are funds required for research on agricultural science and technology, intermediate experiments of agricultural technology, demonstration and promotion of agricultural technology, agricultural technology services, etc. The development of agriculture is inseparable from the progress of agricultural science and technology, and agricultural scientific research and promotion funds are the basis for ensuring agricultural scientific research, technological progress, and technology promotion and application.

⑤Agricultural public service funds. Agricultural public service funds refer to funds used for public service projects such as agricultural public information, agricultural meteorology, agricultural education, and agricultural management. Due to the economic externalities of rural public services, their private supply in the market economy is often insufficient or inefficient. Agricultural public service funds provided through government, collective or individual fund-raising are the basic prerequisite to ensure the effective provision of agricultural public services