Wang Anshi's political reform has three aspects.
First, financial management measures. The core of financial management measures is this sentence: "the people don't give money, and the country saves it." Instead of increasing the burden on ordinary people, it will increase the income of the country. If we don't play the common people's mind, the state will take money again, which is clear, that is, taking the rich as the target. Therefore, his reform belongs to the adjustment of class relations and the adjustment of internal relations of the ruling class. The first is the young crop method. Every year, if farmers fail to get loans, they will get loans twice. After the harvest, it will be repaid with a 20% interest rate increase to avoid usury and increase income. Compared with now, the interest rate of 20% is too high, and now it is thousands. If it is too high, you don't have to borrow it, but you can only borrow usurers and landlords, which is 200% interest. Therefore, in this case, the phrase "people don't give money, the state uses it" will make bureaucratic landlords miserable. These people want to exploit the people, but they can't exploit them.
Secondly, the recruitment method, * * * collects exemption money from people who should serve but are unwilling to serve. Bureaucratic landlords who hire people to serve or not should also pay for it, so as to reduce the burden on peasant officers and ensure the production time. In this way, bureaucratic landlords who could not serve in the army or pay money now have to pay money if they don't serve. Third, the farmland water conservancy law. Repeat, square field average tax law. * * * Re-measure the land and collect taxes according to the amount of fertile and barren land per household. Bureaucratic landlords are no exception. Bureaucratic landlords' land must be rich and fertile, while farmers' land is scarce and barren, so the fertile land should be harvested more and the barren land should be harvested less.
Finally, the city changed the law, and * * * set up a city reform service to buy unsalable goods and sell them when the market was in short supply. This limits the control of the market by big businessmen. There is an idiom called "hoarding goods", which was originally a way for businessmen to collect money, but now it is no different from doing it. This is conducive to stabilizing prices and commodity exchange, reducing people's burden and increasing income. * * * bought a 200-yuan down jacket in the summer, so as not to overstock the warehouse, the merchant sold it to * * *. In winter, * * * sells 600 yuan, and then * * * earns 400 yuan, right? But if the merchant sells it, it may sell for 800,900, 1000. So the result is that * * * gets the money, the price of ordinary people can be cheaper, and then businessmen suffer, that's what it means. Therefore, the overall financial management measures reflect the core of this idea, "the people don't do it, the country uses it."
Short-lived reform
The second reform is military measures.
First of all, garbo's law. * * * Organize farmers, with one guarantee for every ten households (later changed to five households), five guarantees and one guarantee, ten guarantees and one guarantee. Then there are two men in your family, one of whom is Baoding. Training in the slack season, farming in peacetime, and being incorporated into the army to resist the Liao and Xia attacks in wartime, reducing military spending. This kind of soldier is actually called militia, in order to defend their homeland. China is the most suitable for this kind of army. Because some people say that China people despise their own country, value their own country, dare to fight privately, and are not afraid of public war. I fought bravely. Look at my daughter-in-law, I won't stop you. Foreign invasion is timid, aliens call, I hide. China people have a strong local concept. They go abroad, you come to Beijing, I come to Beijing, you come to Shanghai, I come to China, not from China. The organization is also a hometown association in Beijing, not a hometown association in China, and lacks national concept. So this militia is very suitable. You are defending your daughter-in-law and your hometown.
The art of war. The imperial garrison was fixed, and then officers were regularly trained to enrich the border defense.
The third reform is educational measures.
Reform the imperial examination, abolish the Ming classics and establish the Ming law. Ming Jing is just memorizing, which is useless. Rectify imperial academy and make it a place to create public opinion and cultivate talents for political reform. Therefore, Wang Anshi's role is to reverse the social crisis to a certain extent through political reform. Unfortunately, it failed in the end. The reason for the failure is improper employment, which is harmful to people. The main reason is that it infringes on the interests of big landlords and bureaucrats. Sima guang was in power, the one who smashed the cylinder when he was a child, and Wang Anshi's new law was abolished.
Do bad things with good intentions
Why did Wang Anshi's political reform employ improper people?
Wang Anshi is under great pressure to do this. Because China has always been dominated by Confucianism, and the political proposition of Confucianism is that law is the first king. We should respect the rules of the first dynasty and the first king. If we want to reform, it is generally considered deviant and contrary to common sense. Therefore, Wang Anshi, who is under the thunder, is under great pressure. He made it clear that my reform is based on such a principle. Premier * * quoted these three sentences at a press conference: "I'm not afraid of anything, my ancestors don't obey the law, and people's words are awesome." The weather has become less terrible. Because of Wang Anshi's political reform, you saw an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9, which belongs to the sky change. Wang Anshi said I didn't believe it, so I changed it and got an 8.3.
Ancestors lacked laws. The law of the ancestors is to keep the land of the ancestors. The land of our ancestors is not kept today. What about the laws of our ancestors?
Words are not enough. Everyone is complaining about you. The more I complain, the more correct I am. The truth is often in the hands of a few people.