There was a perfect central official system in ancient times, and after a long period of development, the central official system became more and more perfect. At the top of the power is the emperor, then the three provinces, and under the three provinces are six departments, namely, the official department, the household department, the ritual department, the Ministry of War, the punishment department and the Ministry of Industry. Six departments were directly under Shangshu province, but later this unit was abandoned and six departments were directly under the jurisdiction of the emperor.
The six departments are equal in theory, but it is recognized that the official department is the first of the six departments. The official department is in charge of the appointment, removal, promotion and transfer of civil servants in the world, which is equivalent to the current Central Organization Department and also has some functions of the Commission for Discipline Inspection.
The Ministry of Rites is the management institution of national school affairs, imperial examinations and foreign exchanges, which is equivalent to the combination of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Ministry of War is in charge of the selection of military officers, military records, ordnance and military orders, which is equivalent to the current Ministry of National Defense.
The Ministry of Punishment is in charge of criminal cases throughout the country and prison orders such as penalties and prisons, which is equivalent to the combination of the Ministry of Justice and the Department of Public Prosecution and Law.
The Ministry of Industry is in charge of national engineering affairs, which is equivalent to the combination of the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Water Resources.