At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, international relations were in turmoil. Before 1937, because Chiang Kai-shek imitated the system of Germany and Italy in China and had a good relationship with Germany and Italy, a large number of German military advisers, military equipment and arsenals were introduced to China. In order to unite with Japan and resist the Soviet Union, 1938, Hitler officially recognized Manchukuo, ordered to stop sending weapons to China in April, and withdrew all military advisers in June, and the relations between the two countries gradually terminated.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there appeared three factions, namely, the German-Italian faction, the Anglo-American faction and the Soviet-Russian faction, and they argued endlessly. Finally, with the changes in the international situation, the debate soon stopped. It is not reliable for Germany and Italy to collude with Japan, nor is it reliable for Britain and the United States to implement the appeasement policy in an attempt to protect their interests in China. Only the Soviet Union, considering its own interests, is willing to unite with China to resist Japan.
The hatred between the Soviet Union and Japan can be traced back to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. At that time, Japan and Russia launched an imperialist war to occupy northeast China and Korea, which ended in the failure of Russia. Japan gained the right to station troops in North Korea and northeast China, which hindered Russian expansion. The "northward advance" faction of the Japanese army has always advocated launching an all-out attack on the Soviet Union, seizing Manchuria and Siberia and hitting Europe. 1936, Japan and Germany signed an anti-Soviet treaty, which directly threatened the Far East of the Soviet Union. Stalin repeatedly proposed to sign a peace treaty with China and throw an olive branch to China. 1937 after the lugouqiao incident, the Japanese army bombarded China's anti-Japanese front and rear with air superiority, and gained absolute air superiority. China Air Force struggled to meet the challenge, but in the end, due to the lack of aircraft, its strength was weak and its losses were serious. China * * * had to unite with the Soviet Union to resist Japanese aggression, and signed a Sino-Soviet non-aggression treaty on August 2 1, and China began to accept loans and military aid from the Soviet Union. 5438+/KOLOC-0/October June/KOLOC-0/0, the first batch of Soviet volunteer air forces consisted of 254 pilots and mechanics, including 2/KOLOC-0/SB light bomber led by Ma Qin and 23/KOLOC-0/-KOLOC-0/6 expelled by Kurchumov. In the following two years, more than 2,000 Soviet Air Forces came to China in turn to support the Anti-Japanese War, and more than 200 of them died in the anti-Japanese battlefield in China.
The Soviet Union's aid to China was based on its tolerance for the Japanese. China tried many times to order heavy bombers capable of bombing Japanese mainland, but the Soviet Union only sold six to China. At the same time, the Soviet Union * * * gave China three loans to buy arms, with a total amount of $6543.8+700 million. As part of the loan repayment, the Soviet Union obtained 3 1 17 tons of tungsten, 13 162 tons of tin and 10892 tons of antimony from China.
After the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Corps came to China, on the one hand, it trained China pilots to master the combat flight technology of Soviet aircraft as soon as possible, on the other hand, it took the initiative to participate in the war.
The Japanese were very hostile to the Soviet Air Force and tried to cut off the Soviet Air Force's aid to China. Lanzhou is a transit point of Soviet air aid to China and an important air base in northwest China. Japan tried its best to bomb Lanzhou.
On February 4th and 20th, 1937, 65438+2 1, Kisarazu Air Force of Japanese Navy took off from Nanyuan Airport1/plane. After a long-distance raid, Lanzhou was bombed for the first time by Yinchuan, and the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team 16 plane took off to meet the enemy.
After the Soviet Air Force Volunteers entered Wuhan and Nanchang, Japanese planes bombed our air base continuously. 1938 65438+1At the beginning of October, 32 Japanese planes attacked Hankou, dropping more than 100 bombs. Four of our planes were destroyed, and the Sino-Soviet air force took off to fight the enemy. Two of our planes were shot down, and the Soviet pilot Ke Bai Lu died.
1938 On February 8th, the Japanese army dispatched 18 fighter planes and 36 bombers, led by Zhang Mao Nanxiang, commander of the Navy 13 Air Force, to Nanchang Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area Airport. The alarm sounded at the airport in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area. The third brigade of China Air Force, led by the captain Luo Yingde, first flew the E- 16 fighter, and then the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Brigade took off in an emergency under the leadership of the captain Sergei Wiesensky. After the enemy plane arrived, it dropped 90 bombs first, which was a duel. Then there was the air battle, in which the two sides bit each other in the air, playing inextricably, with casualties. At this time, Nanxiang Zhang Mao, who is known as the "military god" of the Japanese army, sneaked out, scouted the direction, waited for an opportunity, and prepared to sneak attack. He aimed at the plane of the Soviet Air Force Sergei Wiesensky and was about to shoot when a string of flashing bullets came from behind. I saw Zhang Mao's plane caught fire in Nanxiang and crashed into Poyang Lake. Sergei Wiesensky looked back in the fierce battle. It was Luo Yingde who saved his life. Zhang Mao Nanxiang is one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of the Japanese Air Force, and Hunhao is the "air overlord". I didn't expect to be killed by Luo Yingde, the air force of our country. Nanchang "2- 18" air battle, * * * shot down enemy planes 12.
After the "2- 18" air battle in Nanchang, the Japanese Air Force was deeply humiliated and has been looking for opportunities for revenge. April 29th is the birthday of Emperor Hirohito of Japan, and the Japanese Air Force decided to take revenge on this day and present a generous gift to their emperor. Yu Shaozuo, son of the Shanghai Japanese Army Flight Base, led his men Kurosawa and Gao Qiao Xian Yi to fly 36 "96" fighters to Wuhan.
At 2: 30 in the afternoon, the shrill alarm sounded in Wuhan. The alarm did not fall, and the fleet of the Fifth Brigade of China Air Force slipped off the runway, and the fleet of the Soviet Volunteer Team also volley against the enemy. In a flash, the fleets of the two sides scuffled in the blue sky, their teeth were staggered, and it was difficult to distinguish between them, and the anti-aircraft guns could not play a role. At this time, the Japanese army's battlefield shepherd Shaozuo led 18 heavy bomber to fly from Anhui. Being outnumbered, my pilot is not afraid. First of all, under the muzzle of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Brigade, nine Japanese bombers fell one after another with the autumn wind sweeping the leaves. A plane in China was surrounded and hit by five enemy planes, and the pilot Chen Huaimin was seriously injured. He reluctantly crashed into a landline in Gao Qiao, Xi 'an, and mutually assured destruction with the enemy.
According to incomplete statistics, from 1937 to 65438+February to the beginning of 194 1 month, the air force volunteers * * participated in more than 50 wars, blew up enemy planes 1 14 and shot down enemy planes 8/kloc-0.
Grigori? Akimovich? Kurishenko, Air Force Major, party member, Russian * * * *,/Kloc-0 was born in Cherepin Village, Korsuen State, Kiev, Ukraine in 1903,/Kloc-0 was drafted into the People's Armed Forces in 1929, and came to Chengdu in May.
Kurishenko is brave and good at fighting, and is known as the "tiger". His face is square, his eyebrows are thick, and his pupils are about the same color as those in China. He has a strong physique and his back is seldom straight, which makes him look short. He looks like a Russian farmer in appearance, but he also looks like a Shandong native in China. At that time, he was almost 40 years old, but occasionally he laughed like a child. He learned to use chopsticks for the first time, and the two chopsticks could not be separated in his hand. He looked at others and himself and smiled.
Early in the morning, dashing Dasha (Soviet long-range bomber) stood around the airport, the refueling truck ran around, the engine roared loudly, the sound of machine guns broke the silent clear sky, and Kurishenko began to train China pilots.
Before take-off, Kurishenko told every China pilot who was learning to fly, the flight subjects of the day, the characteristics, performance and operation methods of Dasha. He saw the pilots sitting in the cockpit, their feet on the brakes, and then he sat in the front cabin. After returning home, he commented patiently.
Kurishenko often teaches students: "Airplanes are state property. China needs a plane in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. It is very difficult to transport planes from the Soviet Union to China. If one plane is damaged, one will be missing. If a part is broken, it will be sent from thousands of miles away. "
China translated Liu Qun, seeing that he was overworked and getting thinner, and advised him to take a rest. Kurishenko replied: "To tell the truth, I am experiencing the same disaster that the working people in China are suffering as my motherland. Every time I see buildings bombed by Japanese planes and people fleeing, I feel sad ... "
Kurishenko flew over the Japanese-occupied Wuhan many times and bombed the military facilities of the Japanese invaders, and he returned safely every time.
1in mid-August, 939, Kurishenko accepted the bombing mission just after finishing the training work. They flew to Wuhan occupied by the Japanese army and returned to the base smoothly after completing the bombing mission. On October 3rd, 65438/KLOC-0, he led Soviet bombers to fly to Wuhan again, destroying more than 60 Japanese planes. 10 10 14, just after dawn in the east, Kurishenko took off with the brigade again. At two o'clock in the afternoon, over Wuhan, they met the Missemiti fighter supplied by Germany to Japan and started a life-and-death struggle. In this fierce battle, the heroes of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Corps blew up 103 Japanese planes and shot down six destroyers. The enemy flew three Mi-planes directly to Captain Kurishenko's pilot. Kurishenko shot down one of them, but his left engine was damaged and he had to return. He rushed out of the encirclement with a single engine and flew west along the Yangtze River. When flying over Wanzhou, the fuselage lost its balance and could no longer fly. In order to maintain the integrity of the plane and the safety of residents near Wanzhou, he landed the plane smoothly in the Yangtze River flowing through Wanxian County. The bomber and shooter were rescued by swimming in the water, but he was exhausted and could not swim to the shore. He was swept into the bottom of the river by the waves and sacrificed heroically for the liberation of the people of China. A month later, Kurishenko's plane was completely salvaged.
1in the summer of 940, Germany successfully attacked western Europe, and Japan decided to take the opportunity to go south and seize the sphere of influence of western countries. In order to implement the southward strategy, Japan actively sought to adjust its relations with the Soviet Union while strengthening its collusion with Germany and Italy, so as to consolidate the security in the north and urge the Soviet Union to stop aiding China. At this time, in the face of the threat of German aggression, the Soviet Union, in order to get rid of the danger of being attacked by east and west, supported China's anti-Japanese war on the one hand to bind Japan's hands and feet; On the other hand, we will strive to sign a treaty with Japan to ensure the security of the eastern border. From July 1940, at the initiative of Japan, Japan and the Soviet Union began talks. 194 1 13 In April, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of Neutrality between Japan and the Soviet Union. According to the Sino-Soviet neutrality treaty, all the volunteers of the Soviet Air Force who helped China returned home, and the Soviet aid to China dropped sharply, which gradually terminated, weakening China's anti-Japanese military strength.
The Chinese nation is a grateful nation and has given high honors to foreign friends who have helped themselves.
When Kurishenko's body was salvaged, villagers Liu Haitian and others personally buried the hero at the foot of the local Taibaiyan Mountain. At that time, Liu Haitian, who was over 80 years old, built a simple hut next to the cemetery to guard the tomb for the hero. 1958, Wanzhou people built the Martyrs Cemetery in Xishan Park to commemorate the internationalist fighter and foreign friend Kurishenko. Kurishenko's wife and daughter also went to Wanzhou to mourn.
1958 On the eve of the National Day, Premier Zhou Enlai told the family of Soviet pilot Kurishenko who was invited to participate in the National Day activities: The people of China will never forget Grigoli? Akimovich Kurishenko.
In the northeast corner of Jiefang Park is the tomb of the martyrs of Wuhan Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team. On the 8-meter-high monument in front of the tomb, there is an inscription: "... for the liberation of the people of China, the blood of the martyrs of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Corps and the blood of the people of China merged together. They will live in the hearts of the people of China forever ... "
The whole story of Soviet War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression