The loan officer examines the loan type, loan term, interest rate grade and so on. Credit management is one of the most important responsibilities of loan officers. No matter how good a loan manager is, it is inevitable to make mistakes in making loans. However, many good loan projects have become problem loans because the loan officer did not pay attention to many early warning information revealed during the loan period. The main purpose of bankers' supervision of borrowers' operating conditions is to convince themselves that borrowers' current conditions still meet the conditions of loans, and to discover new businesses and expand contacts with customers. The loan inspection needs to closely monitor the borrower and find signs that it may be difficult for the borrower to repay. This kind of early warning is necessary to maximize the impact of correct actions and minimize the possible losses of loans. When the loan is due or overdue, or when other conditions in the loan agreement (such as minimum guarantee amount or required financial ratio) are violated, loan monitoring is particularly important. Most banks check the relationship with customers and the borrowing situation at least once a year, and if the situation is not good, the inspection will be more frequent. These checks must be initiated by the loan officer in charge of the loan. In these regular inspections, the loan officer should analyze the borrower's financial situation and trends, the borrower's past business performance and future repayment ability; The profitability of the borrower and its market environment; Then the loan officer will decide how the bank will continue to maintain its relationship with the borrower. The credit or business status revealed in regular inspections may lead banks to expand loans, and may also lead banks to shrink, update or cancel existing financing instruments. The cooperative relationship between banks and enterprises means that if banks want to become or continue to become customers' basic deposit account banks, they must always adapt to customers' future economic plans and meet their capital needs. Lenders use four information channels to monitor borrowers: banks, customers' suppliers, other financial institutions and customers themselves. Simply analyzing financial data can only provide temporary test data about customers' situation. Questions in the data can only be answered through discussion. In addition, the balance sheet and income statement are far from enough to reflect the implementation of the bank management plan. In order to clearly understand the situation of credit management and operation, loan officers must often visit customers, and understand the current situation of factory equipment and various assets used as collateral during the visit. The first-hand information collected through interviews can be used to test the quality and accuracy of financial analysis. Another aspect of the borrower's performance is whether he can fulfill the contract terms stipulated in the loan agreement. In addition to the borrower's commitment to guarantee repayment, other contract terms generally include maintaining a minimum level of working capital and loan leverage. When the borrower fails to perform the contract, it will be punished, such as adding penalty interest, completely suspending the loan agreement in some cases or requiring the borrower to speed up repayment. The lender shall regularly prepare questionnaires to check the implementation of the loan contract. Credit files are an important source of information for supervising loans, as well as for internal inspection, internal audit and financial supervision authorities to review loans.
Second, how to do a good job in small business loan audit?
I'm a novice, too. I've been engaged in judging for more than 2 years but less than 3 years. Let me briefly talk about my personal opinion 1, pay attention to compliance audit 2, audit the borrower's basic situation 3, loan purpose 4, primary repayment source 5, secondary repayment source 6, summary and conclusion. This is the basic situation. If you are interested in further research, please leave a message.
Third, how to review the loan?
After the borrower submits the information, it needs to wait for the approval of the bank. Generally speaking, banks will conduct the following audits.
Borrower qualification examination
A has a local permanent residence or a local valid residence status.
Party B has a stable and lawful income source and the ability to repay the loan principal and interest on schedule.
C is law-abiding, with good moral character, good personal credit status and no bad credit record.
D being able to provide the guarantee recognized by the lending institution or having the credit qualification recognized by the bank.
Review materials
After receiving the application materials from customers, the handling personnel of the lending institution shall check whether the materials are complete according to the contents listed in the list, and conduct a preliminary examination on the completeness, standardization and authenticity of the materials. Specific review requirements are as follows
A. Whether the submitted materials are complete and whether the elements meet our requirements.
B. Whether the identity documents of the customer, guarantor, pledger and mortgagor are true and valid.
C ensure that the materials are in compliance with the regulations.
All materials should be verified by the handling personnel, and all copies should be consistent with the original.
If the information submitted by the customer is incomplete or does not conform to the specifications, the customer shall be required to supplement the information or provide it again in time.
After the preliminary examination meets the requirements, the handling personnel shall submit the loan application form and the list of application materials to the pre-loan investigator for pre-loan investigation.
Pre-loan investigation
Pre-loan survey is a comprehensive evaluation of customers' overall credit status and loan risk status, and finally forms a comprehensive evaluation opinion on loans. The pre-loan investigation should follow the principles of objectivity, science and fairness, and adopt the principle of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis.
The main means of pre-lending investigation include borrower interview, telephone interview, field investigation and information inquiry, and at least one of them must be used in pre-lending investigation.
content include
Personal basic situation survey
Credit investigation of the borrower
Investigate the borrower's assets and liabilities
Investigation on loan purpose and repayment source
E. Investigation of guarantee methods
Write an investigation report
After the pre-loan investigation is completed, the investigators should sort out and analyze the investigation results and fill in the pre-loan questionnaire, which includes
The way of pre-loan investigation
B borrower's loan application, borrower's repayment ability, repayment willingness, guarantee and other information.
Main risk points and control measures of loans
D clearly responsible for the authenticity and integrity of the investigation content.
After the above report is completed, the investigators fill in the Application and Approval Form for Personal Credit Business, and put forward suggestions such as loan amount, loan term, loan interest rate, guarantee method, repayment method, loan conditions and payment method, and send them to the loan auditor for loan review together with the application materials of the pre-loan questionnaire.
cheque
Auditors should conduct a comprehensive and detailed review of the materials provided by the investigators, and review the compliance and rationality of the investigation opinions and loan suggestions put forward by the investigators.
Audit content
Customer qualification, loan conditions, loan purposes, loan amount, loan term, etc. Comply with relevant business management measures.
B. Whether the application materials are complete and whether the content elements filled in the compliance application approval form are complete.
C. Whether the pre-lending questionnaire and individual customer credit evaluation report issued by the pre-lending investigator are objective and detailed.
Auditors carefully examine the authenticity, completeness and validity of the application materials and conduct examination and approval. If there are omissions and defects in the application materials, the investigators shall be required to supplement the materials in time and improve the investigation contents until they meet the requirements. Auditors who do not meet the application materials shall sign the audit opinions and return the audit materials.
After the audit is completed, the auditor shall sign the audit opinion on the Personal Credit Business Application Approval Form, affix the official seal of the Credit Operation Department, and send it to the department/personnel with the right to approve loans together with all application materials.
check and ratify
The main contents of the approver
A. Whether the main qualifications and conditions of the borrower are met.
B. Whether the purpose of the loan conforms to the provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Credit Varieties.
Amount, term, interest rate, etc. Comply with relevant loan measures.
D. Whether the main risk points of the loan fully reveal whether the risk prevention measures are legal and effective.
E. Whether the borrower's credit evaluation and loan scheme are accurate and reasonable.
Examination and approval conclusion
There are two kinds: agree and disagree.
A. If the approval conclusion of the meeting is yes, it should meet the approval of the approval leader, and the loan approvers who participated in this approval exceeded/all agreed, and the conclusion of the approval was that the sum of the votes who disagreed did not exceed/all the loan approvers or approval leaders who participated in this approval disagreed.
B. If double-person approval is adopted, the approval conclusion can only be reached if two loan approvers sign the approval opinions at the same time.
Fourth, the running water audit loan manager has the final say?
The running water audit loan manager also conducts accounting according to the running water provided by the customer. If it is a transaction with its own funds, it will be eliminated.