In the era of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", many young people choose to start their own businesses, and many encouragement policies have been introduced from the central government to the local government. How do young "grassroots" entrepreneurs feel the temperature of policy? A few days ago, China Youth Daily reporter heard many stories at the grassroots level, and his mood was complicated.
With a license, she may no longer be a college student entrepreneur.
27-year-old Xiao Ni (the interviewee asked for a pseudonym) founded a nursing home in Liaoning Province on 20 14. University graduates start their own businesses, and the state and local governments have preferential policies, such as small secured loans, rental subsidies, employee insurance subsidies, business tax subsidies, etc. But she can't enjoy these policies-the business license has never been done.
"I checked the term of college students' entrepreneurship policy, which is usually five years. If I don't get the license by 20 17, I don't need all the preferential policies. " Xiao Ni is very upset.
According to Xiao Ni, the approval process of old-age care institutions is generally divided into four steps: name verification of civil affairs bureau, fire department audit, catering hygiene audit and environmental impact assessment.
At the end of 20 13, Xiao Ni, who graduated from college, had the idea of setting up a nursing home. After consulting the District Civil Affairs Bureau, she signed the lease contract of 10 and rented the house, and went to the District Civil Affairs Bureau for name verification. The District Civil Affairs Bureau issued the Notice of Pre-approval of the Names of Municipal Social Organizations for her. "This notice can be used as a voucher for the proposed social organization to conduct capital verification."
She took the "Name Verification Notice" and went to the fire department of the municipal government service center to conduct a fire audit. The staff told her that the house she rented was industrial land and could not be used to run a nursing home. "I asked them according to which regulations, and they didn't make it clear. After returning to China, I consulted the Fire Protection Law, the Regulations on Fire Protection Supervision and Management of Construction Projects and other relevant laws and regulations, and found no relevant regulations. " Xiao Ni recalled.
The Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of the Aged Care Service released on 20 13 put forward that China has entered the stage of rapid population aging, and the number of elderly people over 60 will reach 243 million in 2020 and exceed 300 million in 2025. All localities should further lower the threshold for social forces to set up pension institutions in terms of funds, venues and personnel. There is a sentence in it: "Encourage private capital to integrate and transform enterprise factories, commercial facilities and other available social pension resources."
Xiao Ni took the State Council's file and went to the fire station. This time, the fire department told her to go home and wait on the grounds that the local authorities did not issue the corresponding documents.
Until August, 2065438+2005, she got three materials from the Civil Affairs Bureau, namely, the Minutes of the Meeting on Issues Related to the Fire Control Approval of Idle Industrial Factories for the Establishment of Welfare Institutions for the Elderly (hereinafter referred to as the Memorandum) issued by the municipal government and the Report of the Municipal Planning and Land Resources Bureau on the Opinions of Idle Industrial Factories for the Establishment of Welfare Institutions for the Elderly (hereinafter referred to as the Report) issued by the district government.
Among them, the Memorandum pointed out: "The seven projects declared by each district to set up welfare institutions for the elderly by using idle industrial plants are the first batch of pilot projects; According to the spirit of the document, the Municipal Bureau of Planning, Land and Resources reviewed seven projects without changing the nature of the land, and issued a submission to the Municipal Public Security Bureau agreeing to use industrial plants to build an old-age care institution. " The "Report" pointed out: "If the district government has no intention to expropriate and renovate the above plots in the near future, our bureau intends to agree to temporarily use the above plots as welfare institutions for the elderly." The "Reply" pointed out: "The district government has no intention to expropriate and renovate the plot for the time being, and intends to agree to use the plot as an elderly welfare institution for the time being."
Xiao Ni said: "At that time, the Civil Affairs Bureau told me that these materials were enough. When I got the fire, I could conduct the fire audit." She came to the municipal administrative service center again with these three materials. This time, the staff informed that the district fire bureau has the power of independent examination and approval. She found the regional fire brigade again.
"The staff of the District Fire Brigade asked me to take out the documents issued by the Municipal Public Security Bureau. I went to the municipal public security bureau and was stopped by the reception office of the municipal public security bureau. They said that there is no special department to deal with this matter, and I don't know who to look for to receive me. " Xiao Ni recalled.
20 15, 1 1 Xiao Ni received a phone call from the Civil Affairs Bureau and learned that the municipal government had issued a new document, namely, Minutes of Meeting on Using Idle Factory Buildings to Establish Welfare Institutions for the Elderly. According to this summary, "I agree in principle with the work opinions put forward by the Civil Affairs Bureau, that is, on the premise that the land relationship and housing relationship of the original idle factories remain unchanged, the idle factories will be used to set up welfare institutions for the elderly; The Municipal Bureau of Planning, Land and Resources is responsible for reviewing and confirming the renovation design of idle factories and issuing planning review opinions; The Municipal Construction Committee and the Public Security Bureau (fire brigade) are respectively responsible for reviewing and confirming the construction drawing design and fire protection special design of building renovation according to the planning review opinions, and issuing audit opinions. "
Xiao Ni went to the district fire brigade again. This time, the fire brigade said that according to the above minutes, she needs to pass the examination and confirmation of the Municipal Planning and Land Resources Bureau and get the relevant materials of the planning examination opinions before she can do the fire control construction audit. However, the municipal and district land and resources bureaus told her that she had not handled this kind of business and ran back and forth several times. The other party informed her to do the safety appraisal of the elderly apartment first, and the budget given by the appraisal agency was 63,000 yuan.
She didn't do this appraisal. "I'm not sure whether this appraisal result is useful. If some departments don't recognize it, the money will be wasted. "
Because there is no business license, Xiao Ni can't get a loan, and she can't enjoy a series of policies to encourage entrepreneurship. Her employee social security has also encountered problems. Moreover, she has invested a lot of money in the renovation and purchase of old-age facilities.
So far, Xiao Ni has been running for more than two years before getting a business license. She doesn't know how long it will take, and she doesn't know whether she can do it in the future.
She told China Youth Daily that she was "confused".
At 3 pm, all the staff stopped working.
Start doing exercises
28-year-old Zhao Ming (the interviewee asked for a pseudonym) set up a specialized agricultural cooperative, engaged in the breeding and sales of ecological pigs. His entrepreneurial experience made him feel a lot.
On March 20 15, he came to the administrative office hall of a district industrial and commercial bureau in Shenyang, and the staff didn't know how to register the cooperative. He went to the administrative office hall of the industrial and commercial bureau in another administrative district. The staff here said that it can be handled, but it needs the formalities issued by the animal quarantine department.
Zhao Ming went to an animal quarantine department in Shenyang, and the person in charge of the department said that since 20 15, this business no longer needs the formalities issued by the animal quarantine department, and the industrial and commercial department can handle the registration business.
When Zhao Ming returned to the Industrial and Commercial Bureau to prepare for handling, the staff refused to handle it. Zhao Ming had to explain the situation to the bureau leaders. After the leaders read the relevant documents, they realized that this business no longer needed the formalities of the animal quarantine department.
Zhao Ming told China Youth Daily: "The principles of the two industrial and commercial bureaus are not unified. Some can do it, and some say they can't. In addition, the staff will not take the initiative to learn the new policy, and we need to find leaders and point them out one by one, just like robots. What could have been done in a week ran a lot of roads and delayed for more than a month. "
On 20 15, Zhao Ming came to a department to do business. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, all the staff stopped working and stood up collectively to do exercises. All the people who come to do business should watch them do exercises, and then the business will reopen after it is over.
"Who delayed the time? No matter whether people who go to work are in a hurry or not, they have to wait painfully. " Zhao Ming said.
On another occasion, he went to a tax department to handle business, and all the staff took part in training, so he made a trip for nothing.
Zhao Ming is very concerned about agricultural policy. The country is deepening rural reform, supporting grain production and increasing farmers' income, and many agricultural subsidy projects and policies are introduced every year. However, he inquired in many ways and did not know how to apply for these policies and which department to apply for. As far as he knows, there are specialized intermediaries that can handle rural subsidy business, but they charge commission for subsidies.
Zhao Ming rejected this practice. He thinks it is a shame to get state subsidies in this way.
One year, all Zhao Ming's pigs were buried because of the flu epidemic. He consulted the "pig breeding subsidy policy" and other policies to benefit farmers, and thought that he should enjoy the subsidy for the loss of livestock and poultry diseases, but in the end all the losses were borne by him personally.
He hopes that the external windows such as the government affairs hall can announce the business process in detail, so that it can be clear at a glance how the national policies to support entrepreneurship are connected and which departments are responsible, so that everyone can feel the warmth of the policies fairly.
Yang Cheng (the interviewee asked for a pseudonym) began to try to start a business when he was a student. The Notice of the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China on Continuing to Implement Tax Policies to Support and Promote Entrepreneurial Employment of Key Groups stipulates that those who hold the Employment and Unemployment Registration Certificate (marked with "Tax Policy for Self-employment" or attached with the self-employment certificate of college graduates) are engaged in self-employment, and the business tax actually paid within three years should be deducted according to the annual limit of 8,000 yuan per household. Holding a business license, he hopes to win the above tax relief.
However, when he came to the tax bureau of the company's district for consultation, the staff said that they had not heard of this policy. He has been to tax bureaus in other areas. The staff said that they had never heard of it and had never handled this business, so that Yang Cheng "went to the place where he heard".
Yang Cheng said that relevant departments engaged in entrepreneurship management can consider setting up a special window for entrepreneurs to guide them to handle these businesses.
"A government with temperature is like a big customer service"
At the same time, some grassroots entrepreneurs are thriving because of the enthusiastic support of government departments.
20 14 Several young people in Shenyang registered "Shenyang Duanyun Zhao Yi Technology Co., Ltd." in partnership after graduation from university. The "Duanyun Yizhou" team cooperated with many enterprises with its own 3D printer, and the products developed also obtained many patents.
Shao Shuai, the person in charge of Duanyun Yizhou Company, personally experienced that after the reform of the paid-in registration system of registered capital in China to the subscription registration system, the registered company became simpler. If you don't consider the related matters such as product trademark registration in the future, you just need to prepare all the materials and go to the local administrative examination and approval hall for permission. The process is very simple and takes a very short time, and the approval can be completed on the same day. In addition, college graduates can also enjoy small secured loans of up to 80,000 yuan, rental subsidies, insurance subsidies, business tax exemption subsidies and other related benefits.
In 20 14, "Duanyun Yijian" was in its infancy, and the demand for funds was urgent. In an activity of Shenyang Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the "Duanyun Yizhou" team participated in the exhibition of college students' entrepreneurial projects with 3D printers and other projects. The leaders of the municipal government and the Provincial People's Social Welfare Department paid attention to the project of "making things easy", and Shao Shuai also learned about the preferential policies for college graduates to start businesses in detail. After the meeting, Wei Hou, director of the Entrepreneurship Guidance Division of Shenyang Employment and Talent Service Bureau, asked Shao Shuai about the company.
According to Shao Shuai's memory, they learned from the Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security that there were about 30 low-profit projects in Shenyang that could apply for small secured loans, so they wanted to give it a try.
However, when Shao Shuai went to Shenyang Human Resources and Social Security Bureau for consultation, he was told that 3D printing was not within the scope of loan approval. He called Wei Hou for help. Wei Hou has helped Shao Shuai coordinate among various departments many times. A deputy director of Tiexi Branch of Municipal People's Social Security Bureau has coordinated with banks, municipal bureaus and other departments for the loan project in Shao Shuai.
Shao Shuai said, "It moved me very much. A deputy director can take such pains to coordinate our college students' entrepreneurial projects. Never thought about it before. "
20 15 in the first half of the year, Shao Shuai borrowed 80,000 yuan. In the whole process, he only went to the Municipal People's Social Security Bureau to hand in the materials twice. He said that he really felt the transformation of government functions, and it was no longer the original feeling of "unattainable". On the road of starting your own business, the government's "big customer service" helped a lot.